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by BlastRoom
Review groundwater movement, storage, budgets, use, and contamination.
#earth_space_science
40 questions
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Use the sediment table. Which sample has the greatest porosity?
Use the drainage test table. Which packed column has the greatest permeability?
Four equal tubes are packed with powdered clay, fine sand, coarse sand, and pea gravel. After standing in water overnight, where will capillary rise be highest?
A lava rock sample has many pores, but most pores are sealed from each other. Which property can be high while groundwater flow remains low?
Use the aquifer-material table. Which material would make the best aquifer because it both holds water and lets water flow quickly?
Two soils have equal porosity. Soil X has connected pores, while Soil Y has isolated pores. In which soil will infiltrated water move downward more easily?
Use the sediment table. Which sample has the least porosity?
On the groundwater cross section, what feature does letter D mark?
On a hillside, what forms where saturated groundwater reaches the land surface?
In the cross section, which zone is shaded at letter B?
In the cross section, letter C marks a clay layer beneath a sand aquifer. What is C?
A pumped well is shown in the cross section. What does letter D mark?
Rainwater collects above a small clay lens, while the main water table lies deeper below. What is the shallow body of water above the clay lens called?
A well taps sand trapped between two clay layers, and water rises above the top of the sand. What type of aquifer is described?
In the cross section, what subsurface zone is at letter A?
Use the water-budget graph. In which month does potential evapotranspiration first exceed precipitation?
The graph compares precipitation and potential evapotranspiration. In which month is the water deficit greatest?
Use the soil-storage graph. During which interval is soil water being drawn down fastest?
Soil storage is already full at 100 mm. On the graph, which month is most likely to produce surplus runoff or recharge?
Use the water-budget graph. In June, which source makes up the gap between rainfall and potential evapotranspiration?
In a water budget, water evaporating from soil and water transpiring from leaves are combined into one flux. What is that flux called?
Use the water-budget graph. In which month does soil storage first return to its maximum value?
Two plots in the figure get the same storm. Which plot will have more infiltration, and why?
In the water cycle, rain soaks into soil in one place and flows over pavement in another. Which pair names those two processes, in that order?
A rainstorm falls after three wet days on one field and after a dry week on another. Which field will have more runoff?
Use the soil profile. Which lettered soil horizon above the bedrock would slow infiltration the most?
The comparison figure shows a forest floor and a compacted sports field after equal rain. Which surface will have more infiltration?
A soil can infiltrate 8 mm of rain per hour. A storm delivers 20 mm in one hour. What happens to the extra water?
After lake water becomes vapor and then cools into cloud droplets before rain falls, what process forms the cloud droplets?
A leaking tank sits upgradient of a shallow sand-aquifer well. Which action most directly lowers the well's contamination risk?
A septic drainfield is 20 m upgradient from a shallow private well in permeable sand. What change reduces risk the most?
A town pumps an aquifer faster than recharge for many years. Which outcome is most likely?
In a coastal aquifer, heavy pumping lowers the freshwater level near the shore. What risk increases?
The High Plains aquifer is heavily pumped for irrigation. Which practice best slows depletion?
A chemical spill sits on fractured limestone above a shallow aquifer, and no clay layer is present. What makes the aquifer vulnerable?
The cross section shows two nearby pumped wells whose cones of depression overlap. What problem can this cause?
A fully saturated sediment core has a total volume of 500 cm³ and contains 125 cm³ of water in its pores. What is its porosity?
A column of sand drains 180 mL of water in 6 minutes. What is the average flow rate through the column?
Use the water-budget table. How much recharge remains after evapotranspiration, runoff, and soil-storage increase are subtracted from precipitation?
A water table drops from 152 m elevation at Well A to 128 m at Well B over 800 m horizontally. What is the hydraulic gradient?
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Glacial Landforms and Ice Ages
40 questions
