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by BlastRoom
Review glacier formation, movement, landforms, ice-age evidence, and rate calculations.
#earth_space_science
40 questions
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When year-round snow in a high mountain basin survives each melt season, what change turns it into glacier ice?
Crevasses cut across the brittle surface of a glacier, but ice far below bends without breaking. What explains this difference?
A valley glacier flows fastest near its center and surface. What causes the ice along its bed and valley walls to move more slowly?
Meltwater reaches the base of a warm glacier resting on bedrock. How can that meltwater change the glacier's motion?
A thick dome of ice covers most of Greenland and flows outward in many directions under its own weight. What type of glacier is this?
Use the bars comparing one year's glacier gain and loss. What is the glacier's likely mass-balance condition?
Use the two-panel figure. A glacier stake moves downslope while the terminus retreats up-valley. How can both observations be true?
The photo shows a steep, bowl-shaped hollow high at the head of a glaciated valley. What erosional landform is it?
A narrow, jagged ridge separates two adjacent glacier-carved valleys. What alpine erosional feature is the ridge?
Several cirques erode toward one another and leave a steep, pyramid-shaped summit. What landform is produced?
Use the cross-valley profile. What type of valley shape did glacier erosion create here?
A waterfall drops from a small side valley into a deeper main glacial trough. What feature is the side valley?
The image shows a rock surface covered by long, parallel scratches. What are those glacier-made scratches called?
A small lake fills the floor of a cirque after the glacier melts. What is that alpine lake called?
A bedrock knob has a smooth gentle up-ice side and a steep plucked down-ice side. What erosional feature is it?
An unsorted ridge of till crosses a valley at the farthest position reached by a glacier's terminus. What deposit is it?
A long ridge of unsorted till lies against one wall of a mountain valley, parallel to the glacier's flow. What is it?
Two valley glaciers merge, and their inner lateral moraines join as a dark debris stripe down the glacier center. What is the stripe called?
After a continental glacier melts, it leaves a broad, low blanket of unsorted till across the landscape. What deposit is this?
A streamlined, elongated hill of till has a blunt up-ice end and a tapered down-ice end. What depositional landform is it?
A winding ridge of sorted sand and gravel snakes across a till plain where a tunnel once carried meltwater under ice. What is it?
A round, steep-sided pond sits in a sandy outwash plain with no stream entering or leaving it. What feature is the pond?
Braided meltwater streams spread sorted sand and gravel beyond a glacier's terminus. What depositional surface are they building?
Use the profile across a glacial valley. At what distance from point A is the valley floor lowest?
Use the field-note table. Which site is most likely an outwash plain?
Use the terminus-position graph. During which interval did the glacier's terminus stay the same distance from the marker?
Use the two-panel valley figure. Which valley is a hanging valley?
Use the profile. Which 1-km segment has the steepest slope?
Use the valley-centerline data. If the former glacier followed gravity down the valley, what was its flow direction?
Granite boulders rest on limestone bedrock far from any granite outcrop. What most likely transported the boulders there?
The photo shows parallel glacial scratches on a rock. What information can geologists infer from their alignment?
A layer contains clay, sand, pebbles, and boulders mixed together with no sorting. What does this sediment texture suggest?
Use the boulder-and-bedrock table. Which sample gives the strongest evidence for glacial erratic transport?
The Great Lakes occupy large basins in bedrock that were enlarged during Pleistocene glaciation. What process best explains those basins?
Use the shaded map of glaciated states. What does the southern edge of widespread till and moraines usually mark?
A glacier's terminus retreated 3.2 km in 80 years. What was the average retreat rate?
A glacier gained 1.4 m water equivalent by snowfall and lost 1.9 m water equivalent by melting and sublimation. What was its net mass balance?
Use the radar profile table. What is the ice thickness at point X?
A survey stake on a glacier moved 84 m downslope in 28 days. What was its average speed?
Use the table of annual net balances. What is the glacier's total balance for the three years shown?
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Index Fossils and Correlation
40 questions
