A darkened room has a tiny opening that projects an upside-down outdoor scene onto the opposite wall. What optical device is this?

An 1840s portrait is a single mirror-bright image on metal, reverses left and right, and cannot be reprinted. Which process made it?

A photographer exposes a sensitized paper sheet to make a translucent negative, then contact-prints positives from it. What is this process?

A photographer coats a glass plate, exposes it while still wet, and develops and fixes it before it dries. Which process is being used?

A factory-made glass plate carries a dried gelatin emulsion, so it can be stored before exposure. What process does this describe?

A small camera advances a flexible strip from one spool to another, allowing a series of exposures. What light-sensitive support is inside it?

A portrait appears as a reversed positive on a thin dark-lacquered iron plate. What format is it?

What advantage did Talbot's paper-negative process have over the daguerreotype?

Compared with a daguerreotype, what did a calotype photographer give up?

A Civil War-era photographer travels with a tent, trays, bottles, and fragile glass plates. Why is this equipment necessary?

How did gelatin dry plates change a photographer's workflow compared with wet collodion?

Why did roll film help make snapshot photography practical for amateurs?

In an early studio portrait with a long exposure, what limitation most affected the sitter?

A photographer stops a lens down to a very small opening and finds that a near fence and distant hills are sharp. Which quality has increased?

To freeze a runner instead of recording a blur, which camera control should the photographer change?

A photographer switches to a short focal-length lens to include much more of a landscape. What changes most directly?

A photographer wants one person sharp while the background falls out of focus. Which camera setting best supports that effect?

In 1878, Muybridge arranged cameras along a track to photograph a running horse in sequence. What did the resulting images demonstrate?

A strip of film contains many slightly different still frames that pass rapidly before a light source. Why does a viewer perceive motion?

A viewer bends over a wooden cabinet and watches moving images through one peephole. Which device is this?

What did screen projection make possible that the Kinetoscope's peephole viewer did not?

An artist installs a monitor that repeats a two-minute recording in a gallery. What makes this work time-based rather than a single photographic print?

During the Great Depression, the Farm Security Administration sent photographers to rural communities. What was a central purpose of this work?

Around 1900, photographers used soft focus and handwork to make images resemble drawings or paintings. What tendency does this describe?

Why were Roger Fenton's Crimean War photographs historically significant as a use of photography?