Coal beds and fossils of tropical plants occur in rock beneath the ice of Antarctica today. Which of Wegener's lines of evidence is this?

Identical glacial grooves and layered ice-deposited rock occur today in South America, Africa, India, and Australia. Which line of evidence is this?

Fossils of the seed fern Glossopteris occur today on South America, Africa, India, and Australia. Which of Wegener's lines of evidence is this?

Fossils of the reptile Lystrosaurus occur today only in Antarctica, Africa, and India. Which of Wegener's lines of evidence is this?

The Appalachian Mountains of eastern North America share rock type and structure with the Caledonian Mountains of Scotland and Scandinavia. Which line of evidence is this?

Rock layers of matching type and age are exposed along the coast of Brazil and along the coast of West Africa. Which line of evidence is this?

The eastern bulge of South America and the western bight of Africa fit together like puzzle pieces when placed side by side. Which line of evidence is this?

The east coast of Madagascar closely matches the outline of the west coast of India when the two are brought together. Which line of evidence is this?

Mesosaurus, a small freshwater reptile, is found as a fossil only in eastern South America and southern Africa. What does that distribution indicate?

Identical rock layers of matching age lie exposed along coastal Brazil and coastal West Africa, an ocean apart. What does this match indicate?

Lystrosaurus fossils occur in Antarctica, Africa, and India, three landmasses now separated by wide oceans. What does that distribution indicate?

Glacial grooves cut into bedrock in India today point in directions that match a single ice sheet centered far outside India's current location. What does this indicate?

Rock and mountain-building structures of the Appalachians continue, matching in type and age, in the Caledonian Mountains of Scotland across the Atlantic. What does this indicate?

Coal-bearing rock with fossils of tropical ferns lies buried beneath the ice of Antarctica. What does this rock indicate about Antarctica's past?

Glossopteris seeds are too heavy to travel on wind or ocean currents, yet the fern's fossils are found on South America, Africa, India, and Australia. What does this indicate?

Cynognathus, a land-dwelling reptile, is found as a fossil only in South America and Africa. What does this distribution indicate?

Geologists in the 1920s accepted Wegener's matched fossils across oceans and yet still rejected his conclusion. What missing piece did his critics point to most?

Physicist Harold Jeffreys calculated in the 1920s that a proposed force behind continental drift was far too weak to move continents. Which force did he show was inadequate?

Many geologists in the 1920s rejected continental drift because it seemed impossible for continents to plow through which material?

Wegener trained as a meteorologist and astronomer rather than a geologist. How did this affect his hypothesis's reception among geologists?

Direct evidence of seafloor spreading, such as the age pattern and magnetic striping of the ocean floor, was not available in Wegener's lifetime. Why did this delay acceptance of his hypothesis?

A reconstruction of Pangaea joins continents along the edges of their continental shelves rather than their present shorelines. Why does that fit work better?

In one reconstruction, two continents overlap slightly near a present-day river delta. What does that overlap most likely reflect?

A reconstruction fits South America against Africa by rotating South America about a pivot point rather than sliding it sideways. What does that rotation reflect?

In a reconstruction, the Appalachian and Caledonian mountain belts line up across the join between two continents. What does that added alignment provide?

A reconstruction groups India, Antarctica, and Australia together on one side of the supercontinent rather than attaching each to North America. What does that specific grouping reflect?

Wegener claimed the continents plowed through the ocean floor like ships pushing through pack ice. How does the modern explanation differ from this claim?

Wegener's continental drift could not explain what happens to old ocean floor. According to plate tectonics, where does old ocean crust sink back into the mantle?

The diagram shows new ocean crust forming and spreading outward in both directions from a mid-ocean ridge. How does this process differ from continents plowing through a fixed ocean floor, as Wegener proposed?

Wegener's original mechanism proposals, tidal forces and Earth's rotation, were shown by physicists to be far too weak. What force does the modern theory credit instead?