A flash of lightning leaves a complete visual trace of the street for a split second after the flash ends. Which store held that trace?

After the teacher stops speaking, Jordan can still hear the last few words in his mind long enough to write them down. Which store is this?

Maya repeats a new phone number just long enough to dial it, then forgets it. Which store was mainly holding the number?

A student still knows the meaning of photosynthesis years after learning it in biology. Which memory store best explains that duration?

For a moment after a camera flash, Ava sees an afterimage even though the room is dark again. Which memory store is active?

Carlos can describe a childhood vacation in detail even though it happened ten years ago. Which broad store contains that memory?

In the three-stage memory model, the blank box sits between sensory memory and long-term memory. Which store belongs there?

The process figure shows a blank step between sensory memory and working memory. Which process selects information for conscious use?

In the memory-flow figure, the blank step connects working memory to long-term memory. Which process makes information storable?

In the serial-position graph, the left end represents the first list items. What effect names strong recall there?

A list-recall plot rises again at the final positions on the right. What is that right-end pattern called?

Use the retention graph. During which interval does memory drop the most?

Lena studies vocabulary by noting whether each word is printed in blue or black ink. Which encoding is she mainly using?

Owen remembers a term by repeating how it sounds and rhymes with another word. Which encoding is he using most?

Instead of copying a definition, Priya writes an original example that explains what the term means. What does this strategy increase?

Mateo studies the same material for 20 minutes on four different days instead of cramming for 80 minutes once. Which strategy is this?

To remember 149217761945, Anika groups it as 1492, 1776, and 1945. Which strategy is she using?

Eli links each psychology term to an event from his own life before the quiz. Which effect should help his memory?

Naomi ties her shoes quickly but cannot clearly explain each muscle movement involved. Which long-term memory system is she using?

Devon remembers the restaurant, music, and people from his last birthday dinner. Which type of long-term memory is this?

A student knows that the hippocampus helps form new explicit memories. Which type of long-term memory stores that fact?

After seeing the word bread, Talia completes SO_P as soup faster without realizing the earlier word helped. Which memory system is involved?

Nora remembers at lunch that she must turn in a signed form after school. What kind of memory is this?

A child tenses in a clinic after past shots but does not consciously recall the first shot. Which long-term memory system fits best?

On an essay test, Sam must produce the definition of encoding without seeing answer choices. Which retrieval task is this?

On a multiple-choice test, Ava identifies the correct definition of chunking from four options. Which retrieval task is this?

Leo needs only one practice round to master a poem he memorized last year, while a new poem takes ten rounds. Which measure of memory does this show?

A whiff of sunscreen helps Kai remember a beach trip he had not thought about for years. What is the sunscreen acting as?

Divers learn a word list underwater and later recall more words underwater than on land. Which retrieval effect does this show?

Evan studies while highly caffeinated and recalls more when he is just as caffeinated at test time. Which retrieval effect is this?

In her first Spanish class, Dani keeps writing French words she learned two years earlier. Which interference is disrupting Spanish?

After learning a new locker combination, Mia can no longer remember last semester's combination. Which interference is this?

At a party, Jalen cannot later remember a friend's shirt color because he never paid attention to it. What caused the forgetting?

A password learned years ago has become unavailable after long disuse, even without a competing new password. Which explanation fits best?

During a quiz, Amira feels the answer is on the tip of her tongue until a hint helps her say it. What kind of forgetting was this?

After hearing a question that says the cars smashed, a witness later remembers broken glass that was not in the video. What does this show?

Tess remembers a statistic but wrongly believes she heard it from her teacher instead of a podcast. Which memory error is this?

After relatives repeatedly describe a childhood rescue that never happened, Sam later reports vivid details of it. What is this an example of?

After hippocampal damage, a patient remembers childhood events but cannot form new explicit memories. Which amnesia pattern is this?

After a crash, Jordan can form new memories but cannot remember the hour before the crash. Which amnesia pattern is this?