In the panels, the after-training box marked [blank] is the learned response to the tone. It is the

In the panels, the after-training [blank] is the once-neutral signal that now makes the person blink. It is the

Use the table. The consequence marked [blank] is

Use the table. The consequence marked [blank] is

Use the cumulative record. It shows short pauses followed by steep runs of responses. Which schedule best matches that pattern?

Use the cumulative record. Responding is slow after each reward, then speeds up as the next time point approaches. Which schedule is shown?

A cat hears an electric can opener before getting tuna and later runs to the kitchen at the sound. In this conditioning, the tuna is the

A child cries when a vaccine shot stings. Later, a nurse's white coat makes the child cry. The crying caused by the shot itself is the

A coach blows a whistle before hard sprints. After several practices, the whistle alone makes athletes tense. The whistle has become the

A dental drill hurts, and a patient tenses. Months later, sitting in the dentist's chair makes the patient tense. The tension in the chair is the

A restaurant's garlic smell did not make Maya hungry before she ate there, but after many meals it does. Before learning, the smell was a

After a spinning ride makes Leo nauseated, the ride's music later makes him queasy. In the original pairing, the spinning ride was the

A tone is repeatedly paired with food until a dog starts salivating to the tone alone. This learning phase is called

A dog learned to salivate to a bell, but the bell is then sounded many times without food and salivation fades. This is

After a fear response to a tone is extinguished, the same tone produces a weak fear response the next day. This is

A child bitten by one large dog now feels afraid around dogs of many breeds and sizes. This shows

A student jumps only at the school's fire alarm, not at doorbells or phone tones. This shows

A teacher praises a group each time they begin lab work safely, and safe starts become more common. This is

A car's buzzer stops when Jay buckles his seat belt, so he buckles up faster in the future. This is

A student gets detention after repeated tardiness, and tardiness decreases. This is

A teen loses phone privileges after texting during class, and class texting decreases. This is

A trainer first rewards a dog for looking at a hoop, then for walking toward it, then for jumping through it. This technique is

In a classroom, students earn points for on-task behavior and trade them for homework passes. This system is a

A sandwich shop gives a free lunch after exactly eight purchases. This arrangement is a

A game gives a rare bonus after an unpredictable number of wins, so players keep trying. This is a

A student checks a discussion board because replies appear after unpredictable amounts of time. This is a

A phone buzz has often brought harsh texts, so now the buzz alone makes Nia's stomach drop. Which kind of learning is this?

A child says please more often because saying it has earned cookies. Which kind of learning is this?

After getting sick from spoiled soup, Marisol feels nauseated when she smells that soup again. This is best explained by

A rat presses a lever more often because the press turns off a mild shock. Which kind of learning is this?

In Bandura's Bobo doll research, children who watched an adult act aggressively toward the doll often copied those actions. The study demonstrated

A younger brother copies his sister's free-throw routine after seeing her praised for it. This is

Mia decides not to copy a prank after watching a classmate lose lunch privileges for it. Her learning is influenced by

Neurons that fire both when a person performs an action and when the person observes the same action are called

Rats explore a maze with no reward, then later find food quickly when food is added. This shows

A driver can sketch side streets in a neighborhood even though no one rewarded learning them. That mental representation is a

After staring at a puzzle, Devon suddenly sees the whole solution without trial-and-error steps. This is

A student keeps drawing during lunch because the act of drawing is satisfying, not for grades or prizes. This is

A teen practices piano mainly to earn a gift card from a parent. The gift card is an example of

After repeated uncontrollable failures, a student stops trying even when a solvable problem appears. This pattern is