Use the hypnogram. When are the deepest sleep stages concentrated?

At point A on the hypnogram, the sleeper is in what stage?

Reading the hypnogram from left to right, how do REM periods change as morning approaches?

The hypnogram cycles through N3 before REM. Which stage usually appears between them?

Point B marks one plotted sleep stage. What stage is the sleeper in at B?

Muscles are most deeply relaxed and the eyes dart under closed lids during what sleep state?

A sleep recording shows bursts of brain activity called sleep spindles and K-complexes. Name the stage.

As Maya falls asleep, she feels like she is suddenly falling, then jerks awake. This brief experience is a

Large, slow delta waves are most characteristic of which sleep stage?

While hypnotized, a volunteer is told to raise his hand when he hears a bell. Hours later, fully awake, he hears a bell and raises his hand without knowing why. What is this called?

A traveler flies east from California to France and feels wide awake at 3 a.m. local time. What best explains this?

Which brain area is the body's main circadian clock, using light input to help time daily rhythms?

Looking at bright phone light late at night can delay sleep partly because light suppresses the hormone

Repeatedly stopping breathing during sleep, then waking with a gasp, is the defining feature of

A student suddenly falls asleep during class and sometimes loses muscle tone when laughing. This pattern best matches

Persistent difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, or waking too early is called

A child bolts upright screaming during deep NREM sleep, is hard to wake, and remembers little the next day. This best describes

Getting out of bed and moving around while still asleep, usually during deep NREM sleep, is

Name the theory that says dreams express wishes the dreamer cannot admit while awake.

A dream seems like a story the cortex made from random signals sent by the sleeping brainstem. This fits

A theory says dreams let people work through daytime concerns and emotional events rather than random neural static. This is

A theory says sleep and dreaming help stabilize newly learned material in memory networks. This is

Alcohol slows neural activity, impairs judgment, and can reduce inhibition. In drug classification, alcohol is a

Caffeine and nicotine increase alertness by speeding activity in the nervous system. They are classified as

LSD mainly alters sensory experience and perception. It is classified as a

Morphine and heroin reduce pain by acting on endorphin pathways. In this unit, they are classified as

Cocaine raises energy, alertness, heart rate, and risk of a crash after use. This pattern identifies cocaine as a

A patient needs a steadily larger dose of the same painkiller to get the same relief. This describes

After stopping a drug, a person has nausea, tremors, sweating, and strong discomfort as the body readjusts. These symptoms are

Continuing to use a drug compulsively despite harmful effects at school, work, or relationships is called