At the 1884-1885 Berlin Conference, European states set rules for claiming African land without African rulers at the table. This arrangement is best described as

A European state announced a claim to an African coast and then had to show administration or military control there to make the claim accepted. The rule being applied was

A local ruler kept a throne, but a foreign empire controlled defense, foreign relations, and major policy decisions. That colonial arrangement was a

In parts of China, a foreign power gained privileged trade and railroad rights without fully annexing the territory. That type of control is called a

The British East India Company collected taxes, maintained armies, and governed territory before direct Crown rule in India. This is an example of

After World War I, some former German and Ottoman territories were assigned to victorious powers under League of Nations supervision. These territories were called

A colonial power ruled through appointed governors and civil servants sent from the metropole, replacing most local political authority. This system was

An empire governed a colony by working through chiefs and existing local institutions while keeping final authority for itself. The governing method was

Use the map. The shaded African territories were controlled by one European empire around 1913. Name that power.

The map shades colonies and protectorates of one empire in Africa around 1913. The European power was

The shaded central African territory on the map was the main colony of one European state. That state was

The map shades three African colonies that belonged to the same European empire. The empire was

The shaded African territories belonged to a European power shortly before World War I. The power was

The map shades Libya, Eritrea, and Somalia as colonies held by the same European state in the early twentieth century. That state was

Use the Southeast Asia map. The shaded mainland territories formed a colonial federation under which European power?

The map shades one country. Which European power colonized it?

The shaded South Asian territories were ruled as part of or alongside one empire before mid-twentieth-century independence. The empire was

The shaded Southeast Asian territory was a colony of one European power until 1975. That power was

The shaded American countries were once part of a large European empire before nineteenth-century independence movements. The empire was

The map shows widely separated territories that were part of one global empire around 1913. The empire was

Several African borders run as long straight segments through deserts rather than following rivers or ethnic territories. The best explanation is

The border between Kenya and Tanzania separates some Maasai communities that had moved across the area. This pattern is best explained by

Nigeria contains many ethnic nations within one state, partly because British rule joined different regions into a single colony. In human geography, Nigeria is best described as

Colonial-era borders give the Democratic Republic of the Congo a narrow strip of land along the Congo River that reaches the Atlantic Ocean. A state with an extension like this is

When British India was partitioned in 1947, Pakistan was created in two parts, West and East Pakistan, separated by India. That shape made Pakistan a

The borders of Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia follow the former French Indochina division more than a single ethnic distribution. This illustrates

Many former colonies kept export economies centered on minerals or plantation crops after independence. In political geography, that legacy is often linked to

In colonial Rwanda, Belgian officials issued identity cards labeling people Hutu, Tutsi, or Twa and favored Tutsi elites. In political geography, this sharpened division is an example of

A border drawn by colonial officials splits an ethnic group between two modern states, creating demands for autonomy on both sides. In AP Human Geography terms, the split group may be a

A modern border in North Africa follows a straight surveyed line through sparsely populated desert. The boundary type most directly shown by its shape is