No government on Antarctica collects taxes or runs courts, and the Antarctic Treaty sets aside national land claims there. Which statement best describes the continent's political status?

The Holy See, not Italy, makes laws for Vatican City, controls its police, and receives ambassadors from other states. This legal status is best described as

Lesotho is completely surrounded by South Africa, but its own government controls visas, lawmaking, and diplomacy. The case illustrates

After British rule ended in 1947, India's government made its own laws, collected taxes, and represented India in treaties. This shows India had gained

Japanese passports are accepted abroad because other governments treat Japan as having final legal power to issue them for its citizens. The concept is

In 2011 voters in southern Sudan chose in a referendum to separate from Sudan, and South Sudan joined the United Nations that year. The vote is an example of

In 2014 Scotland held a referendum asking whether it should leave the United Kingdom and become independent. The political idea shown by the vote was

Along much of its border with Bangladesh, India has built fencing, lights, and guarded crossings to control movement. This behavior is

North Korea and South Korea keep guards, barriers, and restricted zones along the DMZ. This pattern most directly demonstrates

In disputed parts of the South China Sea, China has built facilities on reefs it claims and sends patrol boats around them. The behavior is best classified as

In 1999 East Timorese voters chose independence from Indonesia in a UN-supervised ballot, and East Timor became independent in 2002. The ballot is an example of

In 1993 Eritreans voted overwhelmingly to become independent from Ethiopia after years of war. The referendum is best understood as

In 2006 voters in Montenegro approved leaving the state union with Serbia, and Montenegro was admitted to the United Nations soon afterward. The vote showed

Quebec held referendums in 1980 and 1995 on whether to seek independence from Canada. Those votes are usually discussed as attempts at

New Caledonia held independence referendums under an agreement with France, asking voters whether the territory should remain French or become independent. The process centered on

In 2019 Bougainville voters overwhelmingly supported independence from Papua New Guinea in a nonbinding referendum. The vote expressed

Catalan leaders organized a 2017 vote on independence from Spain, while Spain's government rejected the vote as illegal. The claim behind the vote was

Sahrawi groups have long demanded a UN referendum on whether disputed Western Sahara should become independent or take another status. That demand is for

The United States places walls, cameras, and Border Patrol agents along sections of the boundary with Mexico to regulate crossings. This is an example of

Hungary built fences and posted police along parts of its borders with Serbia and Croatia during the 2015 migration crisis. This action illustrates

Spanish authorities use high fences, cameras, and guarded gates at Ceuta and Melilla to control entry from Morocco into the enclaves. The behavior shows

Finland has staffed crossings, closed some entry points, and increased guards along its border with Russia to manage who enters. This practice is

During the Cod Wars, Iceland used coast guard vessels to keep British trawlers out of fishing waters it claimed around Iceland. The behavior is an example of

In disputed Western Sahara, Morocco built and guards a long sand berm that separates areas under Moroccan control from Polisario-administered areas. This is

Singapore's port authority patrols harbor waters and regulates which ships may enter the port. This action best demonstrates

Somaliland collects taxes, holds elections, and controls entry at its frontiers, but almost no UN member states recognize it as a country. The case shows that sovereignty is limited by

Taiwan has its own elected government, military, currency, and passport system, but only a small number of states maintain formal diplomatic recognition of it. The case highlights the importance of

Kosovo declared independence in 2008 and is recognized by many countries, but Serbia and some other states do not recognize it, and it is not a UN member. This shows sovereignty depends partly on

Since 1974 Turkish troops have held northern Cyprus, where a separate government declared independence in 1983. Only Turkey recognizes it. Most other states treat the north as legally part of

After Georgia became independent in 1991, Abkhaz forces fought a 1992-1993 war that drove Georgian troops out of Abkhazia, which now runs its own affairs with Russian support. For Georgia, this movement is an example of