On a U.S. census form, a respondent reports Nigerian ancestry, Yoruba spoken at home, and the racial category Black. What distinction do these entries rest on?

A student born in Puerto Rico is a U.S. citizen, speaks Spanish at home, and identifies as Puerto Rican. What does her case show?

Two classmates are both recorded in the broad U.S. racial category Asian, but one identifies as Hmong and the other as Korean. What is the relevant difference?

A federal form asks whether a person is Hispanic or Latino before asking the person's race. What does that format show?

Many Navajo (Diné) people live on the Navajo Nation, which spans parts of Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah, where their ancestors have lived for centuries. What term best fits this area?

The U.S. census has changed its race categories many times, and in 2000 it first let people mark more than one race. What does this show about race?

An Irish American family whose ancestors arrived in the 1850s now lives in a mixed suburb and shares its customs, keeping only a St. Patrick's Day celebration. What process does this show?

A city festival centers on Vietnamese language classes, foodways, family migration stories, and worship traditions. What concept is being emphasized?

Use the neighborhood map and its labels. What ethnic distribution pattern is shown?

Use the county map. What pattern best names the small rural cluster of one group surrounded by a different surrounding population?

Use the suburban district map. What pattern is shown by immigrant households, businesses, and offices clustered outside the central city?

Use the ward map. What general term best fits the clustered residential area with businesses and institutions tied to one ancestry group?

Use the citywide map. Which term best describes the pattern when households from the same ancestry group are spread across many nonadjacent areas?

Use the arrival map. What term best names the tight grouping of households from one group around earlier arrivals and familiar services?

Use the tract map. What pattern is shown when two population groups live in sharply separated residential areas divided by a rail line?

Use the map. What term best fits the first urban area where many newcomers of the same origin settle near services and contacts?

Use the lending map. Lenders approved mortgages in A areas but denied many applications in D areas even when homes were sound. What practice produced this pattern?

Real estate agents frightened White owners about incoming Black families, bought houses cheaply, and resold them at high prices. What was this practice?

A subdivision's deeds barred sales to Black and Asian families, and the rule shaped who could buy homes there. What practice was used?

A broker showed Latino buyers only homes in one part of town and showed White buyers only homes in another. What practice is this?

A government required racial groups to live in separate districts and limited movement between them. What system produced that segregated pattern?

A city demolished a minority neighborhood for a highway and redevelopment project, forcing many residents to move. What policy practice fits this case?

A suburb required very large lots and banned apartment buildings, making entry difficult for lower-income households and reinforcing separation. What practice is this?

After school integration and highway-backed suburban growth, many White households left a city neighborhood for suburbs. What process is described?

Armed forces drove Bosniak residents from towns so the territory would be occupied mainly by another group. What term names that forced removal?

In Rwanda in 1994, extremists organized mass killings of Tutsi people with the aim of destroying the group. What term names this crime?

After deportations and mass killings in the Ottoman Empire during World War I, surviving Armenians scattered to countries such as France, Lebanon, and the United States. What term names this scattered population?

The U.S. government forced the Cherokee from the Southeast to Indian Territory in 1838 and 1839. What migration category best fits the Trail of Tears?

In 2017, more than 700,000 Rohingya fled violence in Myanmar and crossed the border into Bangladesh. Which term best describes them?

In 1944, Soviet authorities loaded Crimean Tatars onto trains and sent them en masse to Central Asia by state order. What term best names the act?

The 1947 Partition of British India created two new states and sent millions of people across the new borders. Which identity was the main basis for drawing those borders?

After 1991, Yugoslavia split into several states as national groups sought sovereignty and wars followed. What concept names this fragmentation?

The Soviet Union dissolved after union republics and national movements rejected control from Moscow. What force helped pull the multinational state apart?

A state grants more authority to a region with a strong cultural identity to reduce pressure for secession. What process is described?

In a multinational state, several nations argue that each should have its own sovereign country. What principle is driving that breakup pressure?