Cortés had only a small Spanish force as he moved toward Tenochtitlán. What most enlarged the army that fought the Aztec Empire?

After Moctezuma II first welcomed the Spaniards in Tenochtitlán, what did Cortés do to try to control the Aztec capital?

In 1520, while Cortés was away, which event helped trigger an uprising in Tenochtitlán against the Spaniards?

After fighting in Tenochtitlán forced the Spaniards out in 1520, where did Cortés and the survivors flee?

After Cortés and his allies returned in 1521 and besieged Tenochtitlán for about three months, what was the result?

When Tenochtitlán capitulated in August 1521, which Mexica ruler was captured by Cortés's coalition?

Pizarro reached Peru as a war between Atahualpa and Huascar was ending. Why did that timing matter?

At Cajamarca in November 1532, what did Pizarro's men do during their meeting with Atahualpa?

Atahualpa provided a huge ransom of gold and silver after Cajamarca. What did Pizarro do in 1533 despite that payment?

After Atahualpa's death, which Inca capital did Pizarro seize in 1533?

In 1536, Manco Inca led a major resistance effort after the Spanish takeover. What did his forces do?

Spanish forces in Mexico and Peru were badly outnumbered. Along with steel weapons and horses, which factor most weakened defenders before major battles?

Why were Indigenous alliances crucial to Cortés and Pizarro?

The Aztec Empire collected tribute from many subject peoples. How did that political structure help Cortés?

Smallpox reached the Andes before Pizarro's main conquest. What political problem did it help create for the Inca Empire?

At Cajamarca, which Spanish advantage made the attack especially deadly despite the tiny Spanish force?

In the Spanish Americas, an encomienda usually gave a grantee what power?

The New Laws of 1542 responded to abuses of Indigenous labor grants. Which institution did they seek to end or restrict?

In the 1570s, Viceroy Francisco de Toledo adapted an older Andean draft to supply workers to Potosí's silver mines. What was that labor system called?

As Spanish settlement grew, large estates that produced livestock or crops for regional markets became common. Which term names that landholding?

Spain expected American colonies to send precious metals and raw materials to the mother country and buy Spanish goods. Which economic theory supported that system?

Which official governed one of Spain's large American colonial divisions as the Spanish king's direct representative?

The colony organized around conquered central Mexico was known as which Spanish American division?

After Tenochtitlán fell, what religious institution became a major force in Spanish colonial rule and conversion?

The highest colonial offices often went to men born in Spain. What were Spanish-born people in the American colonies called?