The bishops at Trent answered Protestant reformers on salvation. Which ruling did they make?

When Trent addressed authority in Christian teaching, which sources did it uphold?

A Protestant critic said most sacraments lacked biblical warrant. How did the Council of Trent answer?

Which book did the Council of Trent declare the authentic Latin text for public readings, arguments, sermons, and explanations?

After complaints about the sale of indulgences, what did Trent decide about indulgences?

One Trent reform tried to improve clergy training in every diocese. What institution did it require bishops to establish?

A wounded Basque soldier wrote the Spiritual Exercises and won papal approval for the Society of Jesus in 1540. Who was he?

Which Catholic order, approved in 1540, became known for schools, missions, and a special vow of obedience to the pope?

Angela Merici founded a women's community in Brescia in 1535 that became associated with teaching girls. Which order was it?

Matteo da Bascio led a stricter Franciscan reform approved in the 1520s. Which group grew from that reform?

Before the Jesuits, Cajetan of Thiene and Gian Pietro Carafa helped found a clerical reform order in 1524. Which order was it?

Rome's Index of Forbidden Books was meant to control which activity?

Pope Paul III created a central Roman tribunal in 1542 to pursue heresy. What was it called?

A Catholic printer who wanted to publish a religious book after censorship rules tightened usually needed what before printing?

Which scientist was tried by the Roman Inquisition in 1633 after defending the motion of Earth?

Which 1562 killing of Protestants at worship is commonly treated as the event that triggered the first French War of Religion?

In August 1572, Admiral Gaspard de Coligny and other Huguenots were killed after whose royal authorization?

Who issued the Edict of Nantes in 1598, granting limited toleration to French Protestants after years of civil war?

In the Netherlands, revolt against Spanish rule joined political resistance with conflict over which faith?

The Treaty of Münster between Spain and the northern Netherlands was signed in 1648. What did Spain recognize?

The Thirty Years' War began after Protestant nobles threw imperial officials from a castle window in 1618. In which city did this happen?

Which Habsburg ruler's attempt to restore Catholic authority in Bohemia helped turn a local revolt into the early Thirty Years' War?

Why did Catholic France under Cardinal Richelieu support Protestant powers against the Habsburgs in the Thirty Years' War?

The Peace of Westphalia in 1648 ended the Thirty Years' War and added which confession to the earlier Lutheran-Catholic settlement?

Which larger change did the Thirty Years' War produce in much of central Europe by 1648?