During the Classic period, Maya rulers raised monuments and competed with neighboring dynasties. What political pattern best describes Maya civilization?

A Maya monument counts baktuns, katuns, tuns, and days from a fixed starting point. Which calendar system is being used?

Which record-keeping practice was especially associated with the ancient Maya?

One American empire linked mountains, deserts, and valleys with roads, storehouses, and relay runners. Which empire was it?

Which empire centered on Tenochtitlan and demanded tribute from many conquered city-states?

Chinampas helped feed a large capital built in a lake basin. Which description fits chinampas?

Inca officials used quipu when governing a large empire. What was a quipu?

Which pairing of empire and capital is correct?

Renaissance scholars searched for ancient Greek and Roman texts and emphasized human learning. Which term names this movement?

An artist uses a vanishing point and converging lines to make a wall painting appear deep. Which technique is this?

Which person is acting as a Renaissance patron?

Which pairing of Renaissance writer and work is correct?

Masaccio's Holy Trinity in Florence is often taught as an early example of which Renaissance artistic skill?

A poem, law code, or religious text written in Italian, German, or English instead of Latin is written in what kind of language?

Which feature of Renaissance art shows renewed interest in ancient Greece and Rome?

Why did wealthy Italian cities such as Florence become centers of Renaissance culture?

What made Gutenberg's press different from hand copying in European book production?

Why did printing matter to reformers in the 1500s?

Which northern Renaissance writer produced In Praise of Folly, a satire criticizing corruption and foolishness?

Thomas More's Utopia describes what kind of place?

Martin Luther's Ninety-Five Theses first challenged which church practice?

Which teaching is most closely associated with Luther's break from late medieval Catholic practice?

Which reformer organized a church in Geneva and taught predestination?

The Act of Supremacy changed England's church by doing what?

What did the Peace of Augsburg allow rulers in the Holy Roman Empire to choose?

Which statement correctly compares Luther's and Calvin's movements?

Which church council reaffirmed Catholic doctrine and addressed abuses after the Protestant challenge?

Which Catholic order, founded by Ignatius of Loyola, became known for education and missionary work?

Which royal decree gave French Huguenots limited rights after years of religious civil war?

The Thirty Years' War began in 1618 and devastated central Europe. Which settlement ended it in 1648?

Put these voyages in order, earliest first: Magellan-Elcano circumnavigate, da Gama reaches Calicut, Columbus reaches the Caribbean, Dias rounds southern Africa.

Which ship design helped fifteenth-century explorers sail in coastal shallows and tack against difficult winds?

A navigator measures the sun's height above the horizon to estimate latitude. Which tool is being used?

What did the Treaty of Tordesillas do in 1494?

Vasco da Gama's 1497-1499 voyage mattered because it did what?

Ferdinand Magellan did not return to Spain, but his expedition became famous for what result?

Which explorer sailed for England and reached the North American mainland in 1497?

Why did Portugal focus on sailing around Africa toward the Indian Ocean?

Which set contains only American crops that spread widely after 1492?

Which movement of living things was part of the Columbian Exchange?

Why were Old World diseases so destructive in the Americas after contact?

Which definition best fits the Columbian Exchange?

Who led the Spanish forces that captured Tenochtitlan in 1521?

Francisco Pizarro is most closely connected with the Spanish conquest of which empire?

In Spanish America, what was the encomienda system?

After the conquest of the Aztec Empire, which city became the capital of the Viceroyalty of New Spain?

In the Atlantic slave trade, what was the Middle Passage?

Which sequence best describes the triangular trade?

Where were most enslaved Africans taken across the Atlantic forced to work?

What economic demand most strongly expanded Atlantic plantation slavery in the 1600s and 1700s?

How did chattel slavery in the Americas differ from many forms of slavery within Africa?

In the Ottoman Empire, who were the Janissaries?

What was the Ottoman millet system designed to do?

Which Mughal ruler is known for expanding the empire and using policies that won support from many non-Muslim subjects?

Shah Abbas I moved the Safavid capital in 1598 and rebuilt it as a major commercial and artistic center. Which city was it?

Which pairing correctly matches a ruler with a gunpowder empire?

Who commanded the Ming treasure fleets that sailed across the Indian Ocean in the early 1400s?

What happened to the Ming treasure voyages after 1433?

In the 1700s, which pairing correctly states how China and Japan limited European trade?

Under Tokugawa restrictions, which Europeans were allowed to trade in a tightly controlled way at Nagasaki?