A European power claimed land along the St. Lawrence River and Great Lakes and built alliances with Native nations through the fur trade. Which power fits that role?

St. Augustine, founded in Florida in 1565 as a military and missionary settlement, belonged to which European empire?

In 1664, New Amsterdam changed hands without a major battle. What happened to it?

Jamestown began in 1607 as a Virginia Company settlement seeking profit and a route to Asia. Which power sponsored it?

Prince Henry's sailors explored the West African coast and helped open sea routes toward Asia. Which power led that effort?

Christopher Columbus gained royal backing from Isabella and Ferdinand before his 1492 Atlantic voyage. Which monarchy supported him?

In the Columbian Exchange, which Old World animal crossed to the Americas and changed travel, hunting, and warfare for many Native nations?

In the Columbian Exchange, which Andean crop moved from the Americas to Europe and became a major food source?

During the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire, which Old World disease caused a deadly epidemic among Indigenous peoples?

Conquistadors used encomienda labor grants and Catholic missions in their American empire. Which European power used these institutions most?

By the 1750s, how did New France differ from the English colonies to its south?

A trading company founded a colony along the Hudson River, with Fort Orange upriver and a port on Manhattan Island. Which European power founded it?

A colonial region had rocky soil, short growing seasons, fishing, shipbuilding, and Puritan town life. Which region was it?

A colonial region exported wheat and flour, included New York and Pennsylvania, and had many ethnic and religious groups. Which region was it?

A colonial region used long growing seasons for tobacco, rice, and indigo plantations worked by enslaved Africans. Which region was it?

Scots-Irish and German settlers moved south along the Great Wagon Road to start small farms far from coastal ports. Which colonial region did they settle?

Within the Southern Colonies, historians give Virginia and Maryland's tobacco-growing area its own regional name. Which name fits?

A town centered on a meetinghouse where male church members voted on local matters best matches which colonial region?

William Penn founded Pennsylvania in 1681 as a refuge for members of his own persecuted faith. Which religious group was it?

Many enslaved Africans brought rice-growing skills from West Africa. In which colony did their knowledge help build a rich rice economy?

New England merchants shipped dried cod and lumber to plantations in the West Indies. What did they often bring back in return?

Ironmasters in Pennsylvania and New Jersey mined local ore and ran forges and furnaces to make bar iron, nails, and tools. Which colonial region best fits?

Mayflower passengers formed a civil body politic and accepted laws made for their colony's general good. Which idea did this support?

Virginia settlers elected burgesses to meet at Jamestown in 1619. Which practice did this begin in English North America?

New England colonists gathered in town meetings to vote on local taxes, roads, and rules. Which form of government did this practice use?

Connecticut towns adopted the Fundamental Orders in 1639 to outline offices, elections, and courts. Which idea did this support?

John Peter Zenger was acquitted in 1735 after his lawyer argued truth could defend criticism of officials. Which right did the case support?

Roger Williams founded Providence in 1636 after Massachusetts banished him. Which right did his colony become known for protecting?

Colonial assemblies argued that Parliament could not make colonists pay duties, since colonists elected no members of Parliament. Which principle did they defend?

When elected assemblies controlled public spending, governors often needed their approval for salaries and supplies. Which legislative power was this?

Britain's Proclamation of 1763 barred settlement west of the Appalachians. Which colonial reaction did it encourage?

The Sugar Act of 1764 taxed molasses and tightened customs enforcement after the French and Indian War. Which complaint grew from it?

In 1765, delegates from nine colonies met in New York to protest a new tax on newspapers, legal papers, and other printed items. What was this meeting called?

The Quartering Act required colonial support for British troops, and New York's assembly resisted funding it. Which issue was disputed?

The Townshend Acts placed duties on glass, lead, paint, paper, and tea. Which response used consumer pressure?

After British troops occupied Boston in 1768 to enforce customs laws, tensions led to which 1770 event?

Colonists dumped East India Company tea into the harbor in December 1773 to protest the Tea Act. What was this protest called?

Britain closed Boston Harbor and changed Massachusetts government under the Coercive Acts. Which meeting did these acts help spark?

Colonists created Committees of Correspondence in 1772 to coordinate opposition to British policies. Which response did this build?

On April 19, 1775, British troops marched out from Boston to seize colonial military supplies. Which battles began the war that day?