Our student council timed the canteen line for two weeks: 18 minutes on average. With a second counter open for three days, the wait fell to 7 minutes. Open it daily. Which appeal is dominant in this passage?

Three of our four buses reach school after 7:30. Classes begin at 7:30. So most bus riders miss the start of first period, and parents worry. Which appeal does the writer rely on most?

I have taught chemistry for 22 years and I chair the school safety board. I would not raise this lightly: the old laboratory needs new vents, and one student fainted there in June. Which appeal is dominant?

Think of Lola waiting alone at the covered court, her food gone cold, watching the last jeepney leave. Three neighbors joined her last year. No one should spend a birthday that way. Which appeal is dominant?

Since the free breakfast began, weekly absences in Grade 8 fell from 40 to 12, and attendance rose in every section. Hungry children deserve better. Which appeal is dominant in this passage?

Every peso you send buys a notebook for a child who now writes on scraps. Imagine her first clean page. Our group has given help since 2019. Which appeal is dominant here?

As barangay nurse for eleven years, I have kept every clinic record honestly, and I have never asked you for anything before. Please support the clinic budget. Which appeal is dominant?

Dengue mosquitoes breed wherever standing water sits for a week. Our school has six uncovered drums, last emptied in March. Cover them now. Which appeal is dominant in this warning?

The old acacia has shaded four generations of pupils. Cutting it would leave the yard bare and our mornings hot and loud. Which appeal is dominant?

I speak as your class president and as someone who lost a phone here last term. I promise to report the figures fairly. Support the locker plan. Which appeal is dominant here?

Last term, sections with weekly quizzes averaged 82 on the final, while sections without them averaged 71. Both groups had the same teacher. Keep the quizzes. Which appeal is dominant?

Recycling bins were emptied twice a week and overflowed every Friday. After a third pickup was added, no overflow was recorded for a month. Which appeal is dominant in this report?

For two months, our team weighed the canteen's leftover food each afternoon. The daily waste averaged 12 kilograms. Which kind of support does this passage use?

Maria's family changed to a new electric meter and their monthly bill dropped by PHP 300. The writer says the new meters save money. Which kind of support is offered?

Metal expands when it is heated. The footbridge rails are made of metal. So the rails will expand on the hottest afternoons. Which kind of support does the writer use?

Section A used the new reader and averaged 84 on the test. Section B used the old reader and averaged 75. The writer recommends the new reader. Which kind of support is used?

A city survey of 1,200 households found that 68 percent boil their drinking water. The article uses this to describe household habits. Which kind of support is this?

The school nurse recorded 14 dengue cases in July, 9 in August and 5 in September. She reports that the outbreak is easing. Which kind of support does she use?

Ice cream sales and cases of sunburn both rose sharply in April. A column concludes that eating ice cream causes sunburn. What is the main weakness of this reasoning?

Five members of the chess club were asked, and four wanted a longer lunch break. The report states that most students in the school want a longer lunch. What is the main weakness?

Every top student I know sleeps eight hours a night. So sleeping eight hours is what puts a student at the top of the class. What is the main weakness of this reasoning?

The new class schedule is the best one we have ever had, because no other schedule we have tried is as good as this one. What is the main weakness of this reasoning?

A flyer announces that 350 students signed the petition for later start times, and calls this overwhelming support from the student body. What is the main weakness of this reasoning?

The library counted 4,000 book borrowings this year, up from 3,000 last year, and concluded that students now read more books. What is the main weakness of this reasoning?

Section A studied the topic last month; Section B met it for the first time. Section A scored higher, so the writer says Section A's teacher is the better teacher. What is the main weakness?

A school survey finds that most students call the canteen's rice meal the healthiest choice, so the article calls it the healthiest. What is the main weakness of this reasoning?

Citing a 2004 survey that found few homes had internet, a column argues that online homework is unfair to families today. What is the main weakness of this reasoning?

Accept my traffic plan for the school gate. I have driven this road for thirty years and I head the drivers' group in our barangay. What is the main weakness of this reasoning?

Vote for the new uniform. Think of your parents' pride at the ceremony, and of the shame of standing out in a worn, faded shirt. What is the main weakness of this reasoning?

The writer lists four schools where a daily reading hour raised scores and calls the result proof. No school where scores stayed flat is mentioned. What is the main weakness?

Schools that bought tablets last year scored higher on the regional test than schools that did not. An article states that tablets raise test scores. What is the main weakness?

A study of 900 students found that those who ate breakfast scored higher on morning tests. The writer urges a school breakfast program. Why does this reasoning hold up well?

The council wants extra lights on the school path. The board that decides asks for records. The council's letter now only describes students' fear of the dark. What should the council add?

A group claims the canteen's new menu is healthier than the old one. Its only support so far is the cook's word. Which addition would best strengthen the reasoning?

A writer argues that the library should open on Saturdays because students need it. The editor asks for logos. Which addition would give the argument logos?

A transport report states: of 500 riders surveyed, 410 said the 6 a.m. trip is full when they board. Which conclusion does this evidence support?

A weather report states: rainfall in June was 20 percent above the ten-year average for June. Which conclusion does this evidence support?

A school survey reports that 3 of every 10 students walk to class. Which statement goes beyond what this figure shows?

An appeal to logos persuades by offering reasons, examples, data and inference.

A conclusion is well supported whenever the writer includes numbers.