Ramil argues that every student deserves a fair chance. He gives no study and no story, saying the statement needs no support at all. Which form of support is Ramil relying on?

A speaker says: "My lola smoked for forty years and lived to ninety-two, so smoking is not really dangerous." Which form of support is the speaker using?

A city health office measured air quality at twenty schools every week for six months and published the readings. Which form of support does its report offer?

A magazine backs its advice on teen sleep by quoting a pediatrician's statement and offering that statement as the reason to believe it. Which form of support is this?

Aida writes: "Everybody knows our town's curfew keeps children safe, so this needs no proof." Why is treating that statement as self-evident a problem?

Which statement can fairly be treated as self-evident, needing no evidence?

Lito claims the clinic kept him waiting three hours last Monday, and he describes that visit in detail. Is his story good evidence for that claim?

A speaker says: "My cousin passed without reviewing, so review sessions help nobody." What is wrong with this support?

A civil engineer is quoted explaining why a footbridge design fails under heavy load. Why does citing her count as legitimate support here?

A famous singer is quoted to support the claim that one vitamin prevents colds. Why is that support weak?

What makes support empirical rather than merely confident?

A report states: "In a survey of 800 Grade 9 learners, 62 percent said they skip breakfast." Which form of support is the report offering?

A writer states that no person can be in two places at once, then moves on without offering support. Which form of support is the writer relying on?

One neighbor gives a detailed account of what he saw on his own street. Which claim can that single account properly support?

A speaker says: "Three of my classmates got jobs after the training, so the program works for every graduate." Which part goes beyond the evidence given?

Which statement only looks self-evident because it is stated with confidence?

A parent writes: "In your class last term, my daughter finished each lesson early, so the pacing is too slow for everyone." Which form of support does the letter use?

A school paper supports its advice on dengue prevention by quoting the city health officer's statement. Which form of support is the paper using?

A physicist is quoted to settle whether a poem is beautiful. Why does his expertise not help here?

Which support is empirical rather than anecdotal?