Doctor Reyes told the parents, "I have run this clinic for twenty years and never turned a sick child away. Follow the vaccine schedule I recommend." Which appeal dominates?

Our barangay logged 412 dengue cases last year. After weekly cleanup drives, cases fell to 98. Those figures argue for funding the drives again. Which appeal dominates?

Picture your youngest sister coughing all night because the smoke from the dump never clears. No family should sleep that way. Support the clean-air ordinance. Which appeal dominates?

Engineer Cruz wrote, "I inspected this bridge every year for eight seasons of typhoons. I am telling you which posts are weak." Which appeal dominates?

Only 12 of our 40 classrooms have working fans. Rooms without fans reach 34 degrees Celsius by noon, and heat lowers test scores. Buy fans first. Which appeal dominates?

Do not close the old library. Think of the children who cried when they heard the news, and of the quiet reading corner they will lose. Which appeal dominates?

Chef Alonzo says, "I have cooked for thirty years, so my new recipe needs no taste test. My name on the menu is enough." Which appeal dominates?

In one week our canteen filled five sacks of trash, and three of them held only plastic bottles. A refill station would cut most of that waste. Which appeal dominates?

Picture your roof torn off at midnight while your children scream in the dark. That is what our neighbors in Samar lived through last week. Send help. Which appeal dominates?

Mira said, "I have missed no council meeting in two years and I read every complaint letter myself. Let me speak on the canteen problem." Which appeal dominates?

A jeepney ride to school costs PHP 15 each way, or PHP 150 a week. A student bus pass costs PHP 90 a week. The pass saves money. Which appeal dominates?

The puppy was left at our gate in the rain, shivering and too weak to stand. Our shelter cannot turn away one more animal like her. Which appeal dominates?

A campaign letter opens, "For twelve years I have nursed patients in this town's only clinic." What is that opening line mainly doing?

A report states, "Seven of every ten students in the survey had skipped breakfast that morning." What is that sentence mainly doing in the argument?

A speech says, "The chair by the window is empty now, and it will stay empty all through Christmas." What is that line mainly doing?

A student letter tells the budget committee that classmates are miserable in the heat and some feel faint. The committee releases funds only for a need shown with figures. What must the writers add?

A relief agency's appeal to ordinary donors lists tonnage delivered, warehouse counts and delivery times. Donors reply that the page feels cold and distant. What should the writers add?

An unsigned blog post gives accurate figures on the river's water quality, but readers keep asking who wrote it and why anyone should trust the numbers. What must the writer add?

A speaker asks a science panel to fund a reef study, describing only the beauty of the coral. The panel funds a study only when measured evidence shows the need. What must she add?

A new volunteer's flyer urges farmers to try a planting method and gives yield figures from other towns. The farmers ask why a stranger's advice should be followed. What must she add?