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by BlastRoom
The three processes that turn blood into urine, and where each happens.
#us_hs_anatomy_physiology
20 questions
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Hydrogen ions leave peritubular capillary blood and enter the fluid inside the distal nephron. What urine-forming process is occurring?
Glucose leaves the fluid in the proximal convoluted segment and returns to peritubular capillary blood. What process is occurring?
Water and small solutes are forced from the capillary tuft into Bowman's capsule at the start of a nephron. What process creates that capsular fluid?
Penicillin is cleared from the blood much faster than glomerular filtration alone could remove it. Which process adds the extra drug to the nephron fluid?
The kidneys filter about 180 liters of fluid a day, yet more than 99% of the filtered water and sodium never leaves the body in urine. Which process accounts for this?
Nutrients like glucose and wastes like urea enter the nephron together because this process sorts molecules only by size, not by usefulness. Which process is it?
Nearly all filtered glucose is normally returned to the blood. In which part of the nephron does this transport occur?
ADH makes late nephron walls more permeable to water. The main regulated water recovery occurs in what structure?
Salt is actively returned to the medulla from a limb that does not let water follow. Where along the nephron does that happen?
Which part of the nephron lets water leave the filtrate freely into the salty medulla while letting very little salt out?
The first fluid made from plasma collects around the capillary tuft before entering the proximal segment. Which nephron structure receives it?
After several hours without drinking, blood osmolarity rises and urine volume should fall. Which hormone increases collecting-duct water permeability?
A drop in blood pressure activates the renin-angiotensin system. Which hormone makes the distal nephron retain sodium so water follows?
After a student drinks a large amount of water, plasma osmolarity falls. Which hormone should decrease so less water is reclaimed in collecting ducts?
Blood potassium rises above normal. Which hormone increases potassium movement into distal nephron fluid while conserving sodium?
When extracellular fluid volume is expanded, sodium reabsorption in the distal nephron should be reduced. Which hormone is suppressed to allow more sodium loss?
Severe blood loss lowers pressure in the capillary tuft. What happens to glomerular filtration rate and urine output?
The afferent arteriole constricts more than usual before blood enters the capillary tuft. What happens to the volume of filtrate made each minute?
The barrier in the renal corpuscle loses size selectivity after inflammation. What abnormal finding is most likely in the forming urine?
A tear in the filtration membrane lets formed elements escape from glomerular blood into capsular fluid. What would urinalysis most directly show?
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