A federation founded in 1886 joined national craft unions of skilled workers and bargained for higher wages and shorter hours instead of trying to replace the wage system. Which organization was it?

This order took in skilled and unskilled workers, women and Black workers alike, and told members that 'an injury to one is the concern of all.' Which labor organization is described?

The first national federation of American unions, formed at Baltimore in 1866, made the eight-hour day its central demand and saw it granted to federal government workers in 1868. Which body was it?

As Grand Master Workman from 1879 he pressed for producer cooperatives, arbitration and political reform, and distrusted strikes even while his members walked out. Which labor leader is described?

A London-born cigar maker, he served as president of the craft federation founded in 1886 and preached 'pure and simple' unionism: wages, hours and working conditions rather than a new social order. Who was he?

In 1893 he gathered railroad workers of every trade, from track hands to engineers, into one industrial union instead of leaving them in separate craft brotherhoods. Which leader was this?

Irish-born and widowed by yellow fever, this organizer spent years among coal miners and their families and campaigned against child labor in the mills. Who was she?

The steelworkers locked out of Carnegie's mill near Pittsburgh in 1892 belonged to the largest craft union in their industry, whose skilled members helped set the work rules in the mills. Which union was it?

Railroad men at Martinsburg, West Virginia refused to move Baltimore and Ohio trains after another wage cut, and the walkout spread along the lines to Pittsburgh, Chicago and St. Louis. Which strike began this way?

On May 4, 1886 a Chicago rally held in support of the eight-hour day in the city's factories ended when someone threw a bomb at the police; officers and workers were killed and eight anarchists were tried. Which event is this?

In the summer of 1892 the manager of a Pennsylvania steel works cut the tonnage rate, locked out the union and ringed the plant with a fence topped with barbed wire. Which strike followed?

The 1892 walkout at the Homestead steel works ended with the mill running again under nonunion labor. What did that defeat mean for the industry?

In 1894 the men who built sleeping cars in a company town south of Chicago struck after the company cut wages by about a quarter but left the rents on its houses unchanged. Which strike began there?

What was the outcome of the trial held after the 1886 bombing at a Chicago labor rally?

What happened to the Knights of Labor in the years after the 1886 Haymarket bombing?

In April 1894 the American Railway Union struck a railroad over wage cuts, and after eighteen days its owner James J. Hill agreed to arbitration. Which line was it?

After a walkout, an employer sends the names of the men who led it to every other firm in the trade so that none of them can be hired anywhere. What was this practice called?

A mining company owns the houses, the store and the only doctor in the town, and pays part of its wages in scrip good only at that store. What was this arrangement designed to do?

Before starting work a man signs a promise not to join any union while employed. Such a yellow-dog contract was meant to do what?

A federal judge orders strike leaders to stop urging members to leave work or to interfere with the trains. What made such an injunction so powerful a weapon for employers?

A mill hand in the 1880s is paid a set sum for each item he finishes rather than for each hour he works, and the rate is cut whenever output rises. What is this method of payment called?

During a walkout a company advertises for men in other cities, houses them inside the fenced works and runs the machinery with them. What did union members call such replacement workers?

A brakeman coupling freight cars in 1885 loses a hand in the work. What could he expect under the law as it then stood?

What brought the Great Railroad Strike of 1877 to an end?

The railroad strike of 1877 shut down traffic in city after city before troops restored it. What did state governments do in the years that followed?

At Homestead in July 1892 the locked-out steelworkers fought off the Pinkerton agents landed from barges and forced them to surrender. What then broke the strike?

Weeks into the 1892 Homestead lockout an anarchist with no part in the strike shot and wounded the steel company's manager Henry Clay Frick in his office. How did this affect the strikers?

In 1894 the American Railway Union refused to handle any train carrying Pullman sleeping cars. On what ground did the attorney general obtain a federal injunction against the boycott?

The same union struck the Great Northern Railway in April 1894 and won its demands, then lost the Pullman boycott a few months later. What best explains the difference in outcome?

The Pullman boycott of 1894 was stopped by a court order that jailed the union's officers for defying it. What did the defeat establish for the years ahead?