A young man moves from his village to a district town, later to a provincial city, and finally to the national capital. How is this movement classified?

A woman moves to a city after her aunt from the same village finds her a room and tells her about a factory opening. How is this movement classified?

Each spring, herders drive cattle from lowland winter barns to mountain grazing areas and return in autumn. How is this movement classified?

Workers sign contracts to harvest crops abroad for six months, send wages home, and leave when the contract ends. How is this movement classified?

The U.S. Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 gave preference to relatives of people already living in the country. What type of migration did this policy encourage?

A migrant from a village plans to move to the capital, but on the way she finds a well-paid job in a regional city and settles there. What concept explains why she stopped?

Reindeer herders move animals between inland winter grazing grounds and coastal summer pastures on a yearly cycle. What type is this?

A construction worker enters the United Arab Emirates on a two-year work visa, lives in employer housing, and plans to return home. What type is this?

Which geographer's laws of migration, written in the 1880s, noted that many migrants reach large cities through a series of shorter moves?

After West Germany stopped recruiting guest workers in 1973, many Turkish workers who stayed brought their spouses and children to join them. What type of migration was this family movement?

Two families from one village settle in the same city, but the second comes only after the first sends job news and housing help. What detail makes this chain rather than step migration?

A woman moves from a hamlet to a small town, then to a provincial city, with no relatives waiting at either place. What detail makes this step rather than chain migration?

Cousins from the same rural county settle on one city block after church contacts there arrange interviews. What detail identifies chain migration?

Which route is an example of step migration?

A migrant goes directly to a neighborhood where people from her hometown already share job leads and spare rooms. What clue proves chain migration?

A migrant traveling north for work in the United States is stuck in a Mexican border city because she cannot get a visa. What concept is the visa barrier?

One person follows a brother directly to Chicago, while another first moves to a county seat and then a state capital. What detail marks the first move as chain migration?

A migrant moves from her village to a small town, then to the capital, where cousins from her village find her a room and a job. Which two types of migration does her path combine?

Beginning in 1961, West Germany recruited Turkish laborers on fixed-term work contracts. What kind of voluntary migration did this arrangement create?

The Bracero Program brought Mexican agricultural laborers to the United States under temporary contracts. What kind of migration flow resulted?

In many Gulf states, a foreign worker's visa and legal status are tied to a sponsoring employer. What is this sponsorship system called?

Seasonal farmworkers on contracts abroad send part of their pay to their families back home. What are these money transfers called?

Hospitals fill a shortage by admitting nurses on two-year work permits that do not provide permanent settlement. What migration category fits this flow?

Resort hotels recruit Caribbean staff for summer contracts and send them home after tourist season. What detail makes this guest worker migration?

Factory jobs in France paid far more than work in Morocco, drawing guest workers north. The high wages in France are an example of:

A city district has shops, worship spaces, and a language community built by decades of arrivals from the same home province. Which process most likely produced it?

A capital's newest arrivals mostly came through small towns and regional cities before settling in its outer neighborhoods. Which movement pattern best explains this landscape?

Near a construction zone, a district contains worker dormitories, remittance offices, and many foreign employees with expiring permits. Which process shaped it?

High pastures contain seasonal huts, animal pens, and cheese sheds used only during summer grazing months. Which movement created this landscape?

Chain migration from one origin often builds a neighborhood with its own shops, worship spaces, and language. What is such a neighborhood called?

Swiss dairy farmers keep permanent homes in the valley and move cattle up to alpine meadows each summer. What separates this transhumance from nomadic herding?

Pastoralists move cattle between wet-season grasslands and dry-season grazing areas as rainfall shifts. What is this movement called?

Himalayan shepherds take sheep up to high pastures in summer and down to lower villages in winter. What mainly sets the timing of these moves?

Andean herders rotate alpacas between high puna grasslands and lower valleys as grass and water availability change. What movement is this?

Spain protects old drove roads, the cañadas reales, that link mountain grazing lands in the north with plains in the south. What movement were they built for?