A time-capsule letter reads: "To whoever opens this box in 2075, we hope your city still has trees." Which audience does the letter address?

A sign on the school gate reads: "Grade 9 parents coming to today's 3 p.m. meeting, please enter through Gate 2." Which audience does the sign address?

A journal abstract states: "Chlorophyll fluorescence fell sharply after treatment, consistent with photosystem II damage." No term in it is explained. Which readers does the abstract assume?

A barangay flyer says: "Dengue comes from a mosquito that bites in daytime. It lays eggs in clean water left in pots and old tires." Which readers is the flyer written for?

An office circular says: "Before approving overtime for your section, check the remaining budget line, then sign the release form." Which readers does the circular address?

A posted instruction reads: "Log your start time at the terminal, wear the blue vest on the floor, and report any spill to your supervisor." Which readers does it address?

A practice exercise begins: "Dear Manager of any shop that ever sold a broken fan, I am complaining." No shop was named and nothing was sent. Which audience does it address?

An email lists the 42 names of the chess club members in its header and asks each one to confirm attendance by Friday. Which audience does the email address?

A health article writes: "Hypertension means blood pushes too hard against the artery walls." Which feature shows the article is written for laypeople?

A memo to floor workers reads: "Report a jammed roller to your team leader; do not open the guard yourself." Which feature shows the memo addresses rank-and-file readers?

A manual states: "Set the reflux ratio to 3.2 and hold the column at 78 degrees Celsius." Which feature shows the manual is written for experts?

A sealed letter opens: "To the family who will live in this house after we move away." Which feature shows the letter's audience is hypothetical?

A circular says: "Decide which of your two vacant posts to fill first, then endorse the request to HR." Which feature shows it addresses managerial readers?

A recall notice reads: "Anyone who bought Lot 44 canned tuna between June 3 and June 9 may return it." Which feature shows the notice has a real audience?

Ana drafted a talk for an imagined room of marine scientists. It will now be read to Grade 7 pupils. Which change does the real audience require?

A food-safety post was drafted for "anyone curious about kitchens." Shift supervisors of a restaurant chain will now read it. Which change does the real audience require?

A complaint drafted for "the company" in general is now addressed to a named branch manager. Which change matters most?

An essay was drafted for "the voters of the future." It will now be printed in a barangay newsletter read this month. Which change does the real audience require?

A writer aimed her article at an imagined "average reader." Her real readers turn out to be nurses. What can she now do that she could not before?

One guide says: "Serotonin reuptake is inhibited." Another says: "The drug keeps a brain chemical around longer." What audience difference does this show?