A journal note reads: 'Serum ferritin fell in the treatment group (p < 0.01); no adjustment was made for baseline hepcidin.' Which readers does this note assume?

A health leaflet says: 'Dengue is a fever spread by a mosquito. The mosquito lays eggs in still water, so empty water containers every week.' Who is this leaflet written for?

A memo ends: 'Please approve the purchase of two tablets for the science laboratory before classes begin.' Which readers is this memo written for?

A staff notice reads: 'At the end of your shift, wipe the counter, write the time in the blue book, and hang your apron on the rack.' Who is it written for?

An essay opens: 'Imagine you are the mayor of a flooded town with one boat and forty families waiting on rooftops.' Which audience does this opening address?

A letter begins: 'Dear Members of the Barangay Council, the drainage plan you approved last Tuesday has now been costed.' Which audience does this letter address?

A manual reads: 'Set the autoclave to 121 degrees Celsius. Place the agar plates, the flat dishes that hold the growth jelly, on the top rack.' Which term is left unexplained?

A doctor's report for colleagues uses the word 'hypertension'. She is rewriting the report for patients and their families. Which change best suits that readership?

A paragraph for the public says: 'This medicine lowers the sugar in your blood.' The writer now prepares the same paragraph for doctors. Which change fits that readership?

A cooperative's report reads: 'Yield gains from 14-14-14 at panicle initiation were largest where soil pH stayed below 5.5.' Which readers does this report assume?

A museum sign reads: 'This jar is earthenware. Earthenware is clay baked at a low heat, so it stays porous and soaks up water unless it is glazed.' Who is the sign for?

An email asks: 'May we move the Friday deliveries to Monday? The change needs your signature before the fifteenth.' Which readers is this email written for?

A screen message reads: 'Log in with your staff number. If the screen freezes, restart it once, then tell your supervisor.' Which readers is this message written for?

A report says: 'Soil salinity, the amount of salt in the soil, was measured by titration after a core was taken from every plot.' Which term does the writer explain?

A writer is checking a leaflet meant for the general public. Which sentence would a lay reader be unable to follow?

Which feature of a text is the strongest evidence that it was written for specialists?

A school report for teachers says: 'The pupil scored at the 12th percentile on working memory.' Which change best suits a version written for parents?

A writer who defines each technical term as it first appears is writing for laypeople rather than for specialists.

A poster must reach parents who never studied science. Which opening line suits that readership best?

A safety guide states: 'If you own a building, you must post this notice by June.' The guide is mailed to registered building owners. Which audience does it address?