A team designing a bicycle helmet is told that each helmet must be produced for less than $25. In this design problem, that statement is:

A car maker's brief says a new bumper must reduce the peak force reaching the passenger seat in a crash. Naming what a successful bumper must achieve makes this statement:

Engineers packaging a glass jar for shipping are told the packaging may use no more than 40 g of foam. What does that statement set for the design?

A crumple-zone brief says the zone must fit in a space no deeper than 0.5 m. In the design problem, that 0.5 m limit is:

A helmet brief says the helmet must keep the peak force on the head below 300 N in a drop test. What role does that statement play in the design problem?

A team must design egg packaging that keeps the eggs unbroken in a 1 m drop and must finish the work in three weeks. The three-week deadline is:

Four crumple-zone barriers were tested by dropping the same 2 kg mass onto each from the same height. The design must keep peak force below 400 N and barrier mass below 1.5 kg. Which barrier meets both?

Four helmet liners were compared in identical drop tests. The helmet must keep peak force on the head sensor under 300 N and keep total mass under 0.60 kg. Which liner meets both requirements?

Four package designs were dropped from 1.5 m with the same glass jar inside. The package must leave the jar intact and must have a box volume under 3000 cubic centimeters. Which design meets both?

Four bumpers were crash-tested at the same speed into the same barrier. The bumper must keep peak force below 4500 N and must cost less than $120 to make. Which bumper meets both requirements?

Four crash boxes were tested on the same sled. Each box must stop the sled over at least 0.40 m, have a mass under 12 kg, and cost under $60. Which box meets all three?

Four sled cushions were struck with identical impacts. Each cushion must keep peak force under 900 N and be less than 6 cm thick. Three cushions meet both requirements. Which cushion must be rejected?

Four knee pads were struck by the same falling mass. Each pad must keep peak force under 1200 N and must score at least 3 out of 5 for flexibility. Which pad meets both?

Adding an extra layer of padding to a shin guard lowered peak force in impact tests from 680 N to 410 N, and raised the guard's mass from 0.20 kg to 0.34 kg. Which requirement did the change move away from?

Lengthening a car's crumple zone lowered peak force on the crash dummy from 9000 N to 6000 N, but made the car 0.3 m longer than the stated length limit. What did the change give up?

Doubling the foam in a shipping package kept the glass jar intact in a 1.5 m drop, but raised the foam used from 30 g to 60 g. Which requirement did this change move away from?

Replacing a helmet's liner with a thinner one cut its mass from 0.60 kg to 0.38 kg, but peak force in identical drop tests rose from 290 N to 470 N. What did the change give up?

A team claims their new bumper protects the passenger better than the old one. Which test would give evidence for that claim?

A team claims their new helmet liner spreads the impact over a longer time than the old liner. Which test would give evidence for that claim?

A team claims their packaging protects jars better than the old packaging during rough truck journeys. Which test would give evidence for that claim?