In the early 1800s, British merchants faced a silver-draining trade imbalance because Chinese sellers wanted silver for tea and other goods. What illegal trade did they expand?

After Qing authorities forced foreign merchants at Canton to surrender opium for destruction in 1839, what British action followed?

Which agreement ended the First Opium War and began the major series of British unequal treaty privileges in China?

Before 1842, foreign merchants at Canton had to deal through licensed Hong merchants, or the Cohong. What did the Treaty of Nanking do to that system?

Which 1856 incident became Britain's main pretext for starting the Second Opium War, later joined by France?

When Qing leaders resisted full acceptance of the 1858 treaties, what did British and French forces do in 1860?

The 1842 settlement gave Britain a deep-water harbor to possess in perpetuity. Which territory did Qing China cede?

Which list names the five ports opened to British residence and trade by the Treaty of Nanking?

The Treaty of Nanking required payments for destroyed opium, Cohong debts, and British war expenses. What was the total indemnity?

Under the Treaty of Wanghia, what happened if a U.S. citizen committed a crime in China?

What did the 1858 Treaties of Tianjin add to foreign privileges in China?

The 1860 Convention of Peking added a mainland district across the harbor to British Hong Kong. Which territory was involved?

A movement led by Hong Xiuquan, who claimed a Christian mission, captured Nanjing and fought the Qing from 1850 to 1864. Which uprising was it?

How did the Taiping Rebellion end after more than a decade of civil war?

Which comparison correctly separates two mid-1800s crises facing Qing China?

After military defeats and internal rebellion, officials such as Li Hongzhang and Zuo Zongtang built arsenals, shipyards, and technical schools. Which effort was this?

What was the main approach of the Self-Strengthening Movement?

After about thirty years of Qing self-strengthening reforms, which defeat showed they had not built a modern, effective military?

Japan defeated Qing China in 1894-1895 and forced China to recognize Korea's independence and cede territory. Which treaty ended that war?

Which concession came from Qing China's defeat by Japan in 1895, not from the First Opium War?

Germany's 1898 lease of Jiaozhou Bay came with rail and mining privileges in Shandong beyond the leased port. What imperialist pattern does this best illustrate?

Why did U.S. Secretary of State John Hay issue the Open Door Notes in 1899-1900?

Village fighters called the Righteous and Harmonious Fists attacked missionaries, Chinese Christians, and the foreign legations in Beijing around 1899-1900. Which event was this?

How did the siege of the Beijing legations end in 1900?

Which term was part of the 1901 Boxer Protocol imposed after the rebellion?