Early British clothmaking was often done in homes, but later mills gathered workers around powered machines. Which term best names that new way of producing goods?

Why did changes in British farming help factories find workers in the 1700s?

Many early cotton mills stood by fast streams. Why did later mills often cluster near coalfields instead?

Richard Arkwright’s water frame mattered most because it helped make cotton spinning what kind of process?

A machine let one spinner work many spindles at once, increasing the supply of thread for weavers. Which invention was it?

Which machine mechanized the weaving stage of textile production in the late 1700s?

Newcomen’s early steam engine was especially useful to coal mining because it did what job?

What was James Watt’s key contribution to steam power in industry?

Why did canals matter to Britain’s early industrial growth?

Why was the Liverpool and Manchester Railway important to industrial Britain?

How did coal and iron reinforce each other during industrialization?

Which change best defines urbanization in the Industrial Revolution?

Manchester grew rapidly in the first half of the 1800s. What chiefly drew so many newcomers there?

Back-to-back housing near factories often lacked bathrooms, running water, and heat beyond one fireplace. What problem did this create?

Steam power changed factory locations because owners no longer had to build mills mainly where what was available?

Why did industrial cities face repeated public health crises?

What made textile mills especially dangerous for many child workers?

How did early railways help cities keep growing?

In industrial capitalism, who usually owns the factories and machinery?

A factory owner argues that government should not set wages or prices and that competition should regulate business. Which idea is this?

Adam Smith’s Wealth of Nations is most associated with which argument about economic growth?

Many socialists criticized industrial capitalism chiefly because they believed it produced what result?

In Marxist theory, which group was the proletariat?

In Marxist theory, which group was the bourgeoisie?

What program did Marx and Engels set out in The Communist Manifesto of 1848?

Why did the Factory Act of 1833 matter more than earlier British factory limits?

What workplace safety change did Britain’s 1844 Factories Act require?

What demand did the 1847 Ten Hours Act answer?

The People’s Charter listed demands such as the secret ballot and votes for all men over 21. Which movement promoted it?

Why did Luddites break textile machinery in 1811 and 1812?

What did Emmeline Pankhurst and others found in 1903 to press for women’s suffrage in Britain?

Which statement best describes nineteenth-century nationalism?

Giuseppe Mazzini’s Young Italy wanted Italy to become what?

Cavour’s diplomacy with Napoleon III before the 1859 war was mainly aimed at weakening which power in northern Italy?

Garibaldi’s Expedition of the Thousand in 1860 helped Italian unification by doing what?

What happened on March 17, 1861, in the Italian unification process?

What did Bismarck mean by saying great questions would be decided by “iron and blood,” not speeches?

What was the main result of Prussia’s victory over Austria in 1866?

What did Bismarck’s edited Ems Dispatch help bring about in July 1870?

Put these in order: Luddites break textile machinery; Mazzini founds Young Italy; Garibaldi's Expedition of the Thousand; Prussia defeats Austria in the Seven Weeks' War.

Louis Pasteur’s 1885 medical breakthrough was a successful vaccine against which disease?

Charles Darwin’s On the Origin of Species, published in 1859, argued for evolution by what mechanism?

Why was Mendeleev’s 1869 periodic table especially powerful for chemistry?

What did Alexander Graham Bell’s 1876 patent and first successful call demonstrate?

Guglielmo Marconi’s work in the 1890s laid foundations for which technology?

The first Impressionist exhibition opened in Paris in 1874. What subject and style did many Impressionists emphasize?

Put these in order: Liverpool and Manchester Railway opened; Newcomen engine unveiled; Boulton and Watt factory engine completed; Arkwright water frame patented.

Put these in order: Darwin’s Origin published; Kingdom of Italy proclaimed; People’s Charter active; Communist Manifesto published.

Put these in order: Ems Dispatch; German Empire proclaimed; Bismarck’s “blood and iron” speech; Mendeleev’s periodic table.

Put these in order: WSPU founded; Bell’s telephone patent; Marconi’s wireless signals; Pasteur’s rabies vaccine.