An Italian army advancing from Eritrea was defeated by Emperor Menelik II's forces at Adwa in 1896. What did that victory secure?

At Isandlwana in 1879, Cetshwayo's Zulu army attacked a British camp shortly after British forces invaded Zululand. What happened there?

Muhammad Ahmad claimed a religious title in Sudan, rallied followers against Egyptian rule, and his forces captured Khartoum in 1885. Which movement was this?

Samori Ture built the Wassoulou Empire and resisted French expansion in West Africa for years. Which action best describes his response to pressure from France?

In January 1904, Herero under Samuel Maharero responded to land loss and abuse under German rule in South West Africa. What kind of response was this?

Kinjikitile Ngwale's followers in German East Africa joined attacks on German officials and symbols after forced cotton labor. Which uprising was this?

Ahmed Urabi and supporters in Egypt opposed foreign interference and the Khedive's rule in 1882. How did Britain respond after defeating Urabi's army?

Hendrik Witbooi first signed a German protection treaty, then ended it after German atrocities and declared war in 1904. How did his Nama forces fight?

The 1857 uprising in India began among Bengal Army sepoys and drew in rulers and civilians. What colonial power did it challenge?

The Boxers in northern China opposed foreign influence and attacked missionaries, Chinese Christians, and foreign legations. What happened when foreign powers intervened?

Filipino revolutionaries under Emilio Aguinaldo declared independence, but the United States took the islands after Spain's defeat. What was the outcome by 1902?

Dutch forces attacked Aceh in northern Sumatra in 1873. What made Acehnese resistance difficult for the Dutch to end?

The Māori Kīngitanga movement tried to hold land and political authority together. What did Governor Grey do in 1863?

Educated Indians founded the Indian National Congress in 1885 and at first pressed for representation and civil-service access. What response to empire was this?

Qing officials after the Opium Wars promoted arsenals, translation schools, and foreign technology while trying to preserve the dynasty. What was this program called?

Japanese leaders overthrew the Tokugawa shogunate in 1868 and centralized power while adopting industrial and military reforms. Which response was this?

Some Indian princely states kept local rulers and armies while accepting British political supervision through subsidiary alliances. Which response does this show?

After the Herero and Nama rose against German rule, General Lothar von Trotha issued annihilation orders and survivors were driven into desert or camps. What was the result?

German forces suppressed the Maji Maji rising by destroying crops and villages. What followed in much of southern German East Africa?

After the Boxer uprising failed, the Qing government faced punitive terms from foreign powers. Which settlement followed?

British forces defeated the 1857-1859 Indian uprising. What major change followed in India's government?

Menelik II's Ethiopia and Samori Ture's Wassoulou Empire both used modern weapons against European expansion. How did their endings differ?

How did the early Indian National Congress and the Boxer movement differ in their responses to imperial pressure?

Acehnese fighters and Filipino nationalists both faced stronger colonial armies. What tactic did both struggles use after early setbacks?

Compare the Māori Kīngitanga in Waikato with many Indian princely states under British rule. Which statement is accurate?