Order these events. 1. Literacy tests suspended in covered counties 2. Segregated public schools ruled unconstitutional 3. Troops escort nine students into Central High 4. Public accommodations desegregated by statute

Which of these civil rights milestones came FIRST?

In 1968 the Court ruled that a Virginia county's 'freedom of choice' plan, under which no white child had chosen the formerly Black school, was not enough. What did it require?

Place these in the order they took effect. 1. Civil Rights Act of 1964 2. Civil Rights Act of 1957 3. Voting Rights Act of 1965 4. Twenty-Fourth Amendment

Order the Little Rock crisis. 1. The Court held state officials could not defy a federal desegregation order 2. The governor sent the state National Guard to block nine students 3. The president federalized that Guard and sent in the 101st Airborne

The Twenty-Fourth Amendment reached only federal elections, so several states kept charging a poll tax to vote for governor and sheriff. What ended those state poll taxes?

The Supreme Court struck down segregated public schools before Congress passed the first federal civil rights act of the twentieth century.

Writing for a unanimous Court in May 1954, Chief Justice Earl Warren held that in public education 'the doctrine of separate but equal has no place' because 'separate educational facilities are inherently unequal'. Which case is this?

Which 1896 ruling supplied the 'separate but equal' doctrine that the NAACP Legal Defense Fund spent decades chipping away at?

A Black applicant was refused a place at the state law school and offered a hastily created separate one. In 1950 the Court ordered him admitted, weighing faculty reputation, alumni influence and prestige. Which case?

A state university admitted a Black graduate student but made him sit at a marked-off desk in class, a separate table in the library and a separate table in the cafeteria. The 1950 ruling ending that treatment was:

The Fourteenth Amendment binds the states, not the federal government, so segregated schools in Washington, DC needed a different ground. The Court struck them down the same day under the Fifth Amendment's due process clause. Which case?

In 1958 all nine justices personally signed one opinion, rejecting a governor's and a legislature's claim that state officials had no duty to obey a federal desegregation order. Which case?

An Atlanta motel that refused Black guests argued Congress had no power to reach it. Later in 1964 the Court upheld the public accommodations title under the commerce clause. Which case?

A Virginia county shut every public school for five years and paid tuition grants toward white private schooling instead. In 1964 the Court ordered the county's schools reopened. Which case?

In 1966 the Court held that making the vote turn on paying a fee violated the equal protection clause, and struck the tax down. Which case?

The 1954 school decision said what the Constitution required but not how it would happen. What did the Court's 1955 follow-up ruling actually do?

A 1965 law suspended literacy tests where a federal coverage formula applied, sent federal examiners to register voters, and made covered jurisdictions get federal approval before changing any election rule. Which law?

'The right of citizens of the United States to vote in any primary or other election for President... or for Senator or Representative in Congress, shall not be denied... by reason of failure to pay any poll tax.' Which amendment?

'All persons shall be entitled to the full and equal enjoyment of the goods, services, facilities, privileges, advantages, and accommodations of any place of public accommodation.' Which title of the Civil Rights Act of 1964?

What did Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 do?

Which title of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 let federal agencies cut off money to any program that discriminated, a lever that moved southern school districts faster than a decade of court orders had?

Which law, the first federal civil rights statute since Reconstruction, set up a federal Civil Rights Commission and raised the Justice Department's civil rights section to a full division under an assistant attorney general?

One law let federal judges appoint referees to register voters wherever a court found a pattern or practice of discrimination, but a voter still had to prove his own case first. Which law?

Under the 1965 voting law, a covered county could not move a polling place or change a registration rule until Washington approved it in advance. What is that requirement called?

Which elections did the Twenty-Fourth Amendment reach?

On March 12, 1956, 19 senators and 82 representatives signed a statement calling the school decision 'a clear abuse of judicial power' and pledging 'all lawful means' to reverse it. It bound no state. What was it?

In September 1957 the governor of Arkansas ordered the state National Guard to keep nine Black students out of Little Rock's Central High School. What did President Eisenhower do?

The Black students who walked into Central High School past a mob, under army escort, in 1957 are known as:

In September 1958 Virginia's governor padlocked nine white schools in Norfolk, Charlottesville and Front Royal rather than let them obey desegregation orders, locking out thousands of students. What was this state program called?

Which Virginia county shut its public schools entirely from 1959 to 1964, so that white children attended a segregated private academy on tuition grants while Black children had no public school at all?

A state board assigned children to schools one at a time, on paperwork that never mentioned race, and almost no Black child was ever assigned to a white school. What were these statutes called?

Southern senators held the floor against the 1964 civil rights bill for 57 working days. How did the Senate finally get to a vote on passage?

The 1955 decree told federal district courts to require desegregation 'with all deliberate speed' but set no deadline and named no date. What was the practical result across the Deep South?

What followed in the covered southern states once the 1965 law suspended literacy tests and sent federal examiners to register voters?