He won Smith v. Allwright in 1944, striking down the Texas whites-only primary, went on to head the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund's litigation, and in 1965 became the first Black Solicitor General of the United States. Who was he?

As vice-dean in the 1930s he rebuilt Howard University's law school, became the NAACP's first salaried special counsel, and designed the long litigation campaign against segregated schooling that his students later carried to victory. Who was he?

A lawyer on the NAACP Legal Defense Fund staff, she wrote the original complaint in the school segregation case and directed the legal fight that put a Black Air Force veteran into the University of Mississippi in 1962. Who was she?

President of the Women's Political Council, she and a few helpers ran off tens of thousands of leaflets overnight after Rosa Parks was arrested, calling Montgomery's Black riders to stay off the buses on Monday, December 5, 1955. Who was she?

A Pullman porter who led both Montgomery's NAACP branch and the local Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, he posted bail for the seamstress arrested on December 1, 1955, and urged her to let her case test the bus segregation law. Who was he?

She chaired the student central committee that desegregated Nashville's lunch counters in 1960, then recruited students to carry the Freedom Ride out of Birmingham into Mississippi after mob violence had stopped the original bus. Who was she?

As the NAACP's first field secretary in Mississippi he ran voter registration drives, recruited new members, and investigated racial killings, and he was shot in the driveway of his Jackson home in June 1963. Who was he?

An Air Force veteran, he enrolled at the University of Mississippi in the fall of 1962 under federal protection, and in June 1966 began a solo walk from Memphis toward Jackson that a sniper cut short on its second day. Who was he?

From 1961 he ran a civil rights organization built on social work and job placement, dealt directly with corporate executives and federal officials, and in his 1964 book To Be Equal called for a 'domestic Marshall Plan'. Who was he?

Fired from her South Carolina teaching job, she built the citizenship schools that taught adults to read well enough to pass registration tests, first at the Highlander Folk School and then for the SCLC. Who was she?

He started SNCC's Mississippi voter registration project in 1961 and directed it from 1962, then helped lead the Council of Federated Organizations' 1964 summer project that brought hundreds of northern student volunteers into the state. Who was he?

A veteran of the 1947 Journey of Reconciliation, he handled the day-to-day planning of the August 1963 march on Washington: the marshals, the sound system, the buses and the toilets. Who was he?

For more than a decade before December 1955, Rosa Parks held an office in Montgomery's main civil rights organization, investigating assaults and other crimes against Black residents. What was that position?

Martin Luther King Jr. first drew national attention in 1955 and 1956 as the head of the organization that ran the Montgomery bus boycott and its car pool. Which organization did he lead in that role?

John Lewis was 23 years old and the youngest speaker at the March on Washington in August 1963. Which organization did he chair at the time?

In 1964 Fannie Lou Hamer helped build a party for Black Mississippians shut out of the state's regular Democratic organization, running its own precinct meetings and county conventions, and she was elected its vice-chair. What was that party called?

Roy Wilkins headed the NAACP from 1955 until he stepped down in 1977, and was one of the organizers of the 1963 March on Washington. What title did he hold at the NAACP?

James Farmer helped found a group of Black and white students in Chicago in 1942 that used nonviolent direct action against segregated restaurants, and he became its national director in 1961. Which organization was it?

A. Philip Randolph spent decades in the labor movement before he called the 1963 March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom. Which union did he organize and lead from 1925?

Daisy Bates published the Arkansas State Press with her husband and guided the nine students who entered Central High School in Little Rock in 1957. What position did she hold in the NAACP?

After leaving the Nation of Islam in March 1964, Malcolm X founded a religious body in Harlem, and that June a second, secular group meant to tie Black Americans' struggle to human rights abroad. What was the secular group called?

Founded in 1960 by sit-in leaders, this organization put paid field secretaries into rural southern counties for years at a stretch, living with local families rather than running short campaigns from a national office. Which was it?

Which organization was founded by Black ministers in 1957, drew its officers from the clergy, and coordinated the nonviolent campaigns in Birmingham in 1963 and Selma in 1965?

Which organization attacked segregation chiefly by filing lawsuits and carrying cases up to the Supreme Court rather than by marches, boycotts or sit-ins, and was headed by its director-counsel?

Which organization concentrated on jobs, housing and social services for Black families arriving in northern cities, and worked through employers, foundations and social workers rather than through street protest?

Which organization tested Supreme Court rulings against segregation in interstate travel by putting interracial teams of riders on buses through the South, first in 1947 and again in 1961?

At the 1964 Democratic National Convention, the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party challenged the state's all-white delegation. What did the party leaders offer it, and how did it respond?

Which umbrella group joined SNCC, CORE, the NAACP and the SCLC into one Mississippi operation, so that the state's civil rights work ran through a single coordinating body during the 1964 summer project?

Which Montgomery organization of Black professional women had been complaining to the mayor about the treatment of bus riders for years, and had planned a bus boycott well before December 1955?

Writing from a jail cell in April 1963, in reply to eight white clergymen who had called the city's demonstrations unwise and untimely, he argued that 'Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere.' Who wrote this letter?

Testifying to the credentials committee at the 1964 Democratic National Convention, a Mississippi sharecropper said: 'If the Freedom Democratic Party is not seated now, I question America. Is this America...?' Who gave this testimony?

'My theory is, strong people don't need strong leaders.' The organizer who said this pressed young activists to build many local leaders rather than follow one famous spokesman. Who was she?

Opening the March on Washington in August 1963, the labor leader who had first called for it told the crowd they were 'the advance guard of a massive moral revolution for jobs and freedom.' Who was he?

At a Cleveland church on April 3, 1964, weeks after breaking with the Nation of Islam, a speaker gave an address titled 'The Ballot or the Bullet', urging Black Americans to use the vote and warning what might follow if it were denied. Who was he?

In her memoir, the woman arrested on a Montgomery bus in December 1955 wrote, 'the only tired I was, was tired of giving in.' What was she claiming about her refusal to move?

Rosa Parks was arrested on December 1, 1955, and Montgomery's Black riders then stayed off the city buses for 381 days. What finally ended the boycott?

James Meredith arrived at the University of Mississippi at the end of September 1962 carrying a federal court order admitting him. What followed?

A sniper shot James Meredith on the second day of his 1966 walk from Memphis toward Jackson. What did other civil rights leaders do?

On March 7, 1965 John Lewis and Hosea Williams led about 600 marchers onto the Edmund Pettus Bridge in Selma, where state troopers and a mounted posse attacked them with clubs and tear gas. What followed?

In 1941 A. Philip Randolph threatened to bring tens of thousands of marchers to Washington unless Black workers were hired in the defense plants. What did President Franklin Roosevelt do?