In Canada, the prime minister and cabinet stay in office only while they keep the confidence of the elected House of Commons. Which system is this?

In the US, the president is elected separately from Congress and does not need congressional confidence to remain in office during a fixed term. Which system is this?

The US Constitution gives some powers to the national government and reserves other powers for the states. What power arrangement is this?

Canada has a monarch as ceremonial head of state, but elected officials make laws and run the government. Which system describes this arrangement?

A country concentrates authority in a national parliament, and provincial governments exercise only powers the national government delegates. What arrangement is this?

Canadian provinces have constitutional powers over areas such as education and health care while Ottawa handles national powers. What arrangement is this?

A town asks all eligible voters to approve or reject every major local law directly at the ballot. Which system is being used for those decisions?

Voters in the United States and Canada usually choose lawmakers who debate and pass laws for them. Which system does this describe?

A crew in Alberta extracts crude oil from underground deposits before it is refined. Which economic sector is this work in?

Workers at an Ontario plant assemble engines and steel panels into finished vehicles for sale. Which economic sector is this work in?

A hotel employee in Banff cleans rooms and helps tourists check in. Which economic sector is this job in?

A programmer in Seattle designs cloud software and analyzes data for clients worldwide. Which economic sector is this work in?

A Saskatchewan farm grows and harvests wheat that is sold to mills. Which economic sector is this work in?

A Quebec aerospace plant turns aluminum and specialized parts into aircraft components. Which sector is this?

A nurse in Chicago provides medical care directly to patients in a hospital. Which economic sector is this job in?

A university research team in Massachusetts develops new battery chemistry and licenses patents. Which sector is this work in?

Country A has GDP per capita of $68,000 and HDI of 0.94; Country B has $9,000 and HDI of 0.61. What does this show about development?

Country A and Country B both have GDP per capita above $45,000, near-universal literacy, and life expectancy over 80 years. What level do these indicators point to?

Country A has GDP per capita of $60,000 but HDI of 0.79; Country B has $48,000 and HDI of 0.93. What lesson fits these indicators?

Country A's population pyramid has a narrow base and a large older-age share; Country B's base is wide and few people are elderly. What do the indicators suggest?

Region A has 78% of workers in tertiary and quaternary jobs; Region B has 55% in primary jobs. What does that sector mix usually show?

Community A is in a high-HDI country but lacks all-season roads and has lower household income than nearby cities. What does this show?

Area A has GDP per capita of $52,000 and unemployment of 4%; Area B has $40,000 and unemployment of 11%. What is the best comparison?

Southern Ontario has many motor-vehicle assembly plants near Detroit and Great Lakes routes. Which factor best explains this location?

Why do Seattle and Vancouver handle much trans-Pacific trade compared with inland cities?

A Canadian company ships crude oil by pipeline from Alberta to refineries in the United States. What factor most supports that flow?

Quebec exports large amounts of hydroelectric power. Which physical factor helps explain this industry?

The Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Seaway lets bulk cargo move from the interior of North America to the Atlantic. Why does that matter for trade?

Technology firms cluster around Silicon Valley, Seattle, Toronto, and Waterloo. Which location factor best explains the cluster?

A wheat exporter on the Canadian Prairies sends grain by rail to Pacific and Atlantic ports. Why use rail and ports for this trade?