A ship sailing away disappears hull first while its mast remains visible longer. What does this observation show about Earth's surface?

Earth's equatorial radius is about 6378 km, and its polar radius is about 6357 km. What model best matches those dimensions?

Use the interior diagram. Which layer has the smallest thickness?

Use the depths in the interior diagram. About how many times thicker is the mantle than the crust?

Ocean water evaporates into the air above it. Which two Earth spheres are interacting most directly?

Tree roots break apart bedrock on a hillside. Which spheres are interacting most directly?

Use the Earth-spheres diagram. The thin gas layer around the outside of Earth is the ___.

On the world graticule, what coordinates are shown for point P?

Point Q is plotted on the graticule near eastern Asia. What are Q's coordinates?

Read point R on the graticule. What coordinate pair locates it?

Read point S on the graticule. What coordinates does the map show?

Use the graticule to read point T. What are T's coordinates?

Point U is plotted in South America. What coordinate pair best matches its graticule position?

On the map, points A and B lie on the same parallel but different meridians. What changes from A to B?

Read point V on the graticule. What coordinates locate point V?

Use the topographic map. What contour interval is shown by the labeled contour lines?

Use the map. What elevation is printed at the benchmark?

Use the contour map. Which labeled point is at the highest elevation?

Use the contour map. Which labeled point is at the lowest elevation?

A closed contour without hachure marks is surrounded by lower contours. What landform does it show?

Use the contours on the map. In which direction does the stream flow?

Use the map. Which elevation is possible for point P?

A map has index contours labeled 400 m and 500 m with four evenly spaced contour lines between them. What is the contour interval?

Use the topographic map. What is the relief between the benchmark and the 240 m contour line?

Use profile A-B. What is the highest elevation plotted on the profile?

Use the endpoints of profile C-D. What is the overall gradient from C to D?

Use profile E-F. Which one-kilometer segment has the steepest gradient?

Use profile X-Y. What is the overall gradient from X to Y?

Use profile G-H. What is the gradient from G to H?

Use profile M-N. Which labeled distance has the lowest elevation?

When constructing a topographic profile, what quantity belongs on the vertical axis?

Use the profile. What feature lies between the two high points?

Use the pressure field map. What does each isobar connect?

Use the pressure map. The closely spaced isobars between the low and the high show a steep ___.

Use the station-temperature table. Where should the 15°C isotherm cross the line from A to B?

A map scale says 1 cm represents 25 km. Two weather stations are 3.5 cm apart on the map. What is the ground distance?

An isotherm map has 20°C and 30°C lines. A station plotted halfway between them is about what temperature?

Use the contour map and its scale bar. About what ground distance separates points A and B?

A representative fraction of 1:50,000 means 1 cm on the map equals how many centimeters on the ground?

On the topographic map, points X and Y lie on the same labeled contour line. How do their elevations compare?