A world map shows Greenland almost as large as Africa while keeping compass directions straight for navigation. Which projection is it?

A map shades each country darker or lighter based on population density. What type of map is this?

A map note says 1 inch on the page equals 100 miles on Earth. What map element states that relationship?

A map box explains that a blue line means river and a dotted line means hiking trail. What map element is that box?

A city street map covers a small area and shows individual blocks, buildings, and alleys. Is it a large-scale or small-scale map?

A projection keeps the relative size of land areas correct but stretches some shapes near the edges. What kind of projection is it?

A world projection tries to balance area, shape, distance, and direction instead of preserving one perfectly. What category fits it best?

Flattening a globe onto paper changes area, shape, distance, or direction somewhere on the map. What is this unavoidable problem called?

On a topographic map, contour lines are packed very close together along one hillside. What do those lines show?

A map symbol shows north at the top, south at the bottom, east to the right, and west to the left. What map element is this?

A place lies at 30 degrees south latitude and 150 degrees east longitude. Which hemispheres is it in?

A city is at 20 degrees west longitude. From which reference line is that longitude measured?

A location is described as 0 degrees latitude, where Earth is divided into northern and southern halves. What line is this?

Lines that run from pole to pole and measure positions east or west of 0 degrees are lines of what?

Earth rotates 360 degrees in about 24 hours, so 15 degrees of longitude equals about how much time?

A traveler moves from 75 degrees west longitude to 45 degrees west longitude on the same day. In general, local time becomes what?

A ship crosses the International Date Line while traveling east across the Pacific. What usually happens to the calendar date?

A geographer gives Los Angeles as about 34 degrees north latitude and 118 degrees west longitude. What kind of location is this?

A place is described as west of the Atlantic Ocean and north of the Gulf of Mexico. What kind of location is being used?

A place is at 40 degrees north latitude and 75 degrees west longitude. Which hemispheres is it in?

Two oceanic plates pull apart along a ridge on the sea floor, and molten rock rises to fill the gap. What boundary type is this?

An oceanic plate sinks beneath a continental plate, forming a deep trench and a chain of volcanoes. What boundary type is this?

Two plates slide horizontally past each other along a fault, producing frequent earthquakes but little volcanism. What boundary type is this?

Earth's liquid iron layer surrounds the solid inner core and helps generate the planet's magnetic field. Which layer is it?

Tectonic plates move slowly because hot, soft rock circulates beneath them. What process drives much of this motion?

Matching fossils and rock layers on continents now separated by oceans support the idea that continents moved over time. What idea is this?

A shallow earthquake under the ocean floor lifts a large mass of water. What hazard can this trigger along distant coasts?

A chain of volcanic islands forms as an oceanic plate moves over a nearly stationary mantle plume. What process explains it?

Two continental plates collide and crumple the crust upward for millions of years. What landform commonly results?

The point on Earth's surface directly above an earthquake's underground focus is called what?

A narrow neck of land joins two larger landmasses and separates two bodies of water. What landform is it?

A land area is almost surrounded by water but remains attached to a larger mainland. What landform is it?

A narrow waterway connects two larger bodies of water between nearby landmasses. What landform is it?

Hundreds of islands lie close together in one part of the ocean. What is this group called?

A long low area lies between mountain ridges, and a river runs along its floor. What landform is it?

A broad, flat highland rises well above the surrounding land. What landform is it?

Streams in a low area flow inward toward the same river system or lake, surrounded by higher land. What landform is this?

A chain of connected mountains stretches across a region for hundreds of miles. What landform is it?

A river slows as it reaches the sea and drops sediment, building low fertile land at its mouth. What landform forms?

A river erodes its outside bank and deposits sediment on its inside bank, making a looping bend grow wider. What feature is growing?

Waves slow as they enter a sheltered bay and drop sand along the shore. Which process is happening?

Water seeps into cracks in rock, freezes, expands, and breaks the rock apart. What process is this?

After heavy rain, soil and rock slide downhill under the pull of gravity. What process is this?

A longshore current moves sand along a coast and builds a narrow ridge attached to land at one end. What coastal landform is it?

A fast mountain stream cuts downward into bedrock, leaving a narrow valley with steep sides. What valley shape is typical?

Waves erode a cave through a rocky headland until an opening connects both sides. What coastal landform is this?

Two coastal cities share a latitude, but one is cooler and drier because cold water from polar regions flows along its shore. Which climate control explains this?

Moist air rises on a mountain's windward side, drops rain, then descends dry on the leeward side. What effect does this create?

A city high in the Andes is cooler than a low coastal city at the same latitude. Which climate control best explains this?

An inland city has hotter summers and colder winters than a coastal city at the same latitude. Which control explains the bigger temperature range?

A place near the Equator receives high-angle sunlight throughout the year. Which climate control is most important here?

In much of the midlatitudes, weather systems generally move from west to east. Which atmospheric pattern causes this?

A warm ocean current flows along a coast. What is its most direct effect on the coastal climate?

A region has winds that reverse seasonally, bringing a wet summer and a dry winter. What wind system is this?

A place has short warm summers, long cold snowy winters, and forests of spruce and fir. Which biome is this?

A place is hot all year, receives heavy rain every month, and supports dense broadleaf evergreen forest. Which biome is this?

A warm region has distinct wet and dry seasons, tall grasses, and scattered trees. Which biome is this?

A region receives very little precipitation and supports sparse drought-adapted plants. Which biome is this?

A coastal region has mild wet winters, hot dry summers, and shrubs adapted to drought and fire. Which biome is this?

A cold region has permafrost, no trees, mosses and lichens, and a very short growing season. Which biome is this?