In early Rome, citizens voted for officials who made laws and governed on their behalf instead of a ruler inheriting the throne. What is that form of government called?

During the Roman Republic, a council of wealthy landowners served for life, advised officials, and controlled public spending. What was this council called?

The Roman Republic was led each year by two officials who shared the highest power and could check each other. What were these officials called?

Around 450 BCE the Romans carved their basic laws onto tablets set up in the public Forum. What did putting the Twelve Tables on public display mainly change for ordinary Romans?

Rome's common people, the plebeians, gained officials of their own who could block actions that harmed them. What were these protective officials called?

Which Roman general took power as dictator, setting aside the Republic's habit of sharing power, and was killed by a group of senators in 44 BCE?

After years of civil war, one leader took sole control of Rome around 27 BCE and became its first emperor. Who was he?

In the Roman Republic, power was divided among elected consuls, the Senate, and citizen assemblies. How did final authority change once Rome became an empire?

Roman writers described the long stretch of relative peace and steady trade across the empire that began under its first emperor. What is that period usually called?

Roman engineers built long channels, some carried on rows of stone arches, that let water run downhill from distant hills into city fountains and baths. What were these structures?

Roman builders used the arch to help carry the weight of bridges and large buildings.

Rome built a paved road network stretching across its territory. Which result followed most directly from those roads?

Latin was the language of Roman government and record keeping. Which group of modern languages developed out of Latin?

At its greatest extent, the Roman Empire held the coasts all the way around one sea, so ships could cross it without leaving Roman territory. Which sea was it?

Rome and Han China never traded face to face, but goods passed between them through many traders on long routes across Asia. Which Han product did wealthy Romans especially want?

Grain shipped to the city of Rome from farming provinces fed people who grew no food themselves. What did that steady food surplus make possible in Roman cities?

Roman tradition dates the founding of the Republic to about 509 BCE. Which century BCE does that year fall in?

The Roman Empire came first and was later replaced by the Roman Republic.

The Roman army was organized into large permanent units of several thousand foot soldiers each. What were these units called?

An ancient people wrote numbers using letters such as I, V, X, L, and C, a system still seen on clock faces and book chapters. Which number system is this?