Kazakh, Uzbek, Kyrgyz and Turkmen are closely related languages spoken across Central Asia. Which language family includes them?

Russian is closely related to Ukrainian and Belarusian and uses the Cyrillic alphabet. Which language group does Russian belong to?

Armenian is the main language of Armenia and forms its own branch within a larger family. Which family is it part of?

Georgian, Svan, Mingrelian and Laz are related languages native to the South Caucasus. Which language family includes them?

Chechen and Ingush are related languages spoken on the north side of the Caucasus Mountains. Which family do they belong to?

Tajik is closely related to Persian and Dari, even though it is spoken in Central Asia. Which language branch does Tajik belong to?

Azerbaijani is the main language of Azerbaijan and is also widely spoken in northwestern Iran. Which language family includes Azerbaijani?

Ossetian is spoken in the central Caucasus and is related to Persian rather than to Georgian. Which language branch is Ossetian in?

Most ethnic Russians worship in churches linked to the tradition of onion domes, icons and patriarchs. Which faith is dominant among ethnic Russians?

Most people in Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and Turkmenistan follow the faith spread through oasis towns and Silk Road trade. Which faith is that?

The first kingdom to make Christianity its state religion, in the early 300s, lies in the South Caucasus. Which faith tradition is dominant there today?

Georgia's towns often center on old churches of its national church, led by a patriarch in Tbilisi. Which faith is dominant in Georgia?

Most people in Azerbaijan, a former Soviet republic on the Caspian Sea, identify with which faith?

Kalmykia, a republic west of the Caspian Sea, has Mongolic cultural roots and visible temples called khuruls. Which faith is especially important there?

Volga Tatars and Bashkirs are Turkic peoples with a long history of trade in the Volga-Ural region. Which faith is most associated with these groups?

Krasnaya Sloboda in northern Azerbaijan is the main home of a historic eastern Caucasus community that speaks Juhuri, a language related to Persian. Which faith is central to that community?

Most of Russia's people live west of the Urals, while Siberia has low population density. What best explains this pattern?

In Central Asia, dense settlement clusters in the Fergana Valley and along the Amu Darya and Syr Darya. What physical factor best explains this?

Many Caucasus settlements are in valleys and coastal lowlands rather than on the highest ridges. What geographic cause best explains this?

Siberia contains minerals, forests and energy resources, yet many areas remain sparsely populated. What physical factor keeps density low?

Northern Kazakhstan is the country's main wheat-growing region, while the deserts farther south and west grow little grain. What explains this pattern?

Baku grew into Azerbaijan's largest city on the Caspian shore. Which geographic factor most helped its urban growth?

Across Central Asia's dry steppe and desert, many traditional livelihoods used wide grazing areas with seasonal movement. What explains this pattern?

An old Central Asian city quarter has a domed mosque, a madrasa and a covered bazaar near caravan routes. What does this landscape show?

A Russian cityscape includes Cyrillic signs, apartment blocks and an Orthodox cathedral with onion domes. What cultural layers are visible?

On the Kazakh and Kyrgyz steppe, portable yurts stand near horse and sheep herds. What way of life does this landscape reflect?

A mountain village in the Caucasus has stone towers, terraced fields and houses packed into a narrow valley. What does the landscape show?

A Baku neighborhood combines mosques, oil-era buildings and a Caspian waterfront boulevard. What does this cultural landscape suggest?

A Central Asian capital has broad Soviet-style avenues, apartment blocks, monuments and newer national symbols. What does this landscape show?

In the South Caucasus, carved khachkar cross-stones stand near old churches on hillsides. What cultural pattern does this landscape show?