Kara hears six names at a party while watching the door for a friend. Minutes later she cannot recall any name. Is this encoding failure, storage decay, or retrieval failure?

Mateo knows a poet's name but cannot produce it until a classmate says the first letter. Is this encoding failure, storage decay, or retrieval failure?

Ava learned a locker combination in August, stopped using it for months, and later no cue brings it back. Is this encoding failure, storage decay, or retrieval failure?

Devon looked at his teacher all period but cannot report the color of the teacher's watch seconds later. Which memory failure best fits?

During a quiz, Alicia cannot name an actor she knows until a movie poster later cues it. Which memory failure is shown?

After years without playing a song, Noah finds much of the melody has weakened, not just become harder to cue. Which memory failure fits?

Use the forgetting-curve graph. During which interval does retention drop the most?

Use the forgetting-curve graph. About what retention is shown at 1 day after learning?

Use the forgetting-curve graph. About what retention is shown at 31 days?

Use the forgetting-curve graph. What pattern after the first day best matches the curve?

While studying French, Tyler keeps recalling Spanish words he learned last year, making new French words hard to learn. Which interference is this?

Since learning her new phone passcode, Mia cannot recall the old passcode she used for years. Which interference is this?

After a new chapter on memory terms, Jamal mixes them into last week's sensation vocabulary. Which interference is most likely?

A driver's old route to school keeps popping into mind when she tries to remember the new route. Which interference is this?

After updated CPR training, Alex struggles to recite the older steps he once knew. Which process best explains this?

In Loftus and Palmer's car-crash study, asking how fast cars were going when they 'smashed' instead of 'hit' led to what reports?

A witness sees a video, then hears a question that wrongly mentions a yield sign. Later she reports seeing a yield sign. What Loftus concept fits?

What did Loftus's eyewitness research show about memory for an event?

In Loftus and Palmer's crash-film study, one group heard 'contacted' and another heard 'smashed' in the speed question. What was the verb in that study design?

A police interview asks, 'How tall was the man with the beard?' though the robber was clean-shaven. Why is that wording risky?

Nina accurately remembers a rumor but insists she heard it from her coach, although she read it in a group chat. What is this error?

After many family stories, Eli 'remembers' spilling juice at age two, but the detail came from a sibling's story. What does this illustrate?

What does source amnesia mean in memory research?

Lena is confident she saw a costume at a parade, but photos show she blended her memory with a friend's later description. What principle fits?

After encephalitis, Omar remembers childhood but cannot form new explicit memories of people he meets. Which condition is this?

After a concussion, Rae can learn new class material but cannot recall the week before the injury. Which condition is this?

What did H.M.'s severe memory loss after medial temporal-lobe surgery help show?

H.M. improved at mirror tracing across trials but did not remember practicing it. What did that show?

A patient with hippocampal damage can repeat a number right away but will not remember the conversation tomorrow. H.M. showed this split between what?

A car-crash survivor cannot remember vacations from the two years before the crash, but her childhood memories are intact. What does this pattern show about retrograde amnesia?