A report on flooding quotes Marites Balangue: "I woke at 3 a.m. and the water had already reached the second step. I carried my two younger brothers up to the roof." Which kind of support is this?

A student paper states: "Of the 400 Grade 10 learners surveyed in this division, 61 percent slept under six hours on school nights, so short sleep is widespread among learners here." Which kind of support is this?

A drainage engineer with 14 years in the city tells a researcher: "I believe the widened canal will not hold in a storm like last year's." A paper labels this personal testimony. Why is the label wrong?

Which support is factual knowledge rather than one person's account of her own experience?

Rowena argues that the 6 a.m. ferry can leave before its posted time. She supports this with her own account of a morning it sailed while she waited on the pier. Is the support enough?

Danilo interviewed one tricycle driver who said the new one-way scheme cut his daily income. His paper concludes that the scheme cut income for tricycle drivers across the town. What is the flaw?

A researcher wants to show readers what sitting a licensure examination for the third time actually feels like from the inside. Which support fits the purpose best?

An assertion says most households in a coastal town now sort their waste. Which kind of support does that assertion need?

Lito writes in a research report: "I spent 3 hours on the bus each school day for two years, so I did my homework standing up." Which kind of support is this?

A paper says: "I checked the city records myself: Ordinance 12 took effect on June 1, 2019." Which kind of support does the sentence actually offer?

One person's account of her own recovery can show that returning to work after that injury is possible.

A literature review on night-shift work needs to describe how the first week disturbs a worker's sleep, told from inside the experience. Which support belongs there?

Assertion: after the storm, Aileen studied by candlelight for a week. Which support settles this assertion?

A vendor tells a researcher: "Since the market roof was fixed, I have not lost a single sack of rice to rain." Which assertion does this account support as it stands?

Which assertion is too broad for a single person's account to carry?

A paper reads: "A pediatrician says screen use before bed harms sleep, so it is now established that it does." What has gone wrong with the evidence?

A survey of 300 learners in one private school reports 4 hours of daily study, and the paper concludes that learners across the province study 4 hours daily. Why does the conclusion fail?

A nurse writes: "During my first month in the ward I worked 12-hour shifts and slept on the bus home." A classmate calls this statistical inference. Which word choice misled the classmate?

Which assertion can a single credible account settle on its own?

A barangay health worker tells a researcher: "From what I have seen in this work, the free clinic should open on Saturdays." Which kind of support is this?