Source: "Learners who studied in short blocks recalled more words than learners who studied in one long block." Which student version is a genuine paraphrase?

Source: "Plastic bottles made up most of the waste collected on the town beach in May." Which student version is patchwriting?

A student changes six words to synonyms, keeps the source sentence pattern, and names the author. Why is the version still unacceptable?

A paraphrase must change both the wording and the sentence structure of the source while keeping its meaning.

Source: "Half of the surveyed workers said the new bus route shortened their commute." Which restatement changes the meaning?

When should a student quote a source exactly instead of paraphrasing it?

Version 1 follows the source clause by clause with synonyms. Version 2 restates the idea in a new structure. Version 3 repeats the source exactly inside quotation marks. Which may a student use as a paraphrase?

A student's version swaps synonyms but still follows the source clause by clause. What change does the version still need?

Source: "Streets lined with trees stayed cooler at midday than streets with no trees." Which version restates it acceptably?

A source paragraph states: "Teens who used phones late at night fell asleep later than teens who did not." Which version avoids patchwriting?

Source: "Water samples taken near the river mouth held more litter than samples taken upstream." A student writes: "Water samples drawn near the river mouth held more litter than samples drawn upstream." What is this?

Source: "The canteen sold fewer fried snacks after fruit was placed at the counter. Sales of bottled juice did not change." Which student version is a paraphrase rather than a summary?

Source: "Students with weekend jobs handed in fewer late assignments than students with weekday jobs." Which restatement is an acceptable paraphrase?

A student restates a source in new words and a new sentence structure, keeping its meaning, but names no source. How should the version be judged?

Source: "In the invented study, six of ten households kept a flood kit ready." Which version reports the number honestly without patchwriting?

An invented survey of readers found a pattern but tested no cause. Which paraphrase matches what the source did?

Source: "Learners in the invented trial who reread notes aloud scored slightly higher on the recall test." Which version adds something the source never said?

Source definition: "Commuting time is the number of minutes a student spends traveling from home to school each morning." Which paraphrase is acceptable?

Source: "Mangroves trap large amounts of carbon dioxide in the thick mud beneath them." Which part may a paraphrase keep word for word?

Literature review extract: "Earlier work links longer commutes with less sleep, though the studies measured different age groups." Which version is a true paraphrase that keeps that limit?