A 1950 law put every inhabitant into official racial categories and let a board decide contested cases, so other apartheid rules could be applied. Which statute was it?

Which law let the state carve cities into racial zones, control who could occupy property, and force removals from neighborhoods assigned to another race?

A 1952 law created the reference book with photographs, fingerprints, employment records, and tax details that Africans had to carry. Which law was it?

Parks, beaches, toilets, buses, and other public facilities could be assigned by race, and the law allowed unequal services. Which act did this?

Which statute moved African schooling under the Native Affairs Department and helped design a separate, inferior system for Black children?

A 1951 law built “separate development” through tribal, regional, and territorial bodies in reserves under chiefs answerable to Pretoria. Which act was it?

Which early apartheid law made legal weddings between people classified as European and non-European void or forbidden?

A 1959 statute set up racially separate tertiary colleges and limited nonwhite students’ admission to institutions reserved for whites. Which law was it?

In 1952 volunteers deliberately broke selected unjust laws, filling courts and jails in a joint ANC and South African Indian Congress action. What was the campaign called?

A gathering at Kliptown in 1955 adopted a text saying the country belonged to all who lived in it and listing demands for a democratic South Africa. What was the text?

Which organization helped lead the 9 August 1956 march of thousands of women to the Union Buildings to protest pass laws?

Robert Sobukwe’s organization called people to leave passes at home and present themselves peacefully for arrest on 21 March 1960. Which organization was it?

After the ANC was banned, Nelson Mandela helped launch an armed wing in December 1961 to carry out sabotage against the apartheid state. What was it called?

Black university students broke from a white-led student federation and built a 1969 organization tied to Steve Biko and Black Consciousness. Which group was it?

Which umbrella alliance launched in Cape Town in 1983 to oppose the tricameral parliament, Black local authorities, and apartheid rule?

A federation launched on 1 December 1985 united many independent unions and made strikes and stay-aways a major anti-apartheid tool. Which was it?

Before dawn on 9 February 1955, armed police and trucks began removing families from a freehold Johannesburg township to Meadowlands. Which township was targeted?

On 21 March 1960 police opened fire on an anti-pass crowd outside a police station, killing 69 people. Where did this happen?

The Rivonia Trial ended on 12 June 1964 with Mandela and several comrades sentenced to life imprisonment. Most of them were sent to which prison?

A strike wave began on 9 January 1973 at Coronation Brick and Tile and spread through factories around which port city?

On 16 June 1976 students protesting Afrikaans as a required language of instruction met armed police, sparking a national uprising. Where did it begin?

Steve Biko died in police custody on 12 September 1977 after being transferred from Port Elizabeth to a prison hospital in which city?

On 20 August 1983 the United Democratic Front held its national launch at Rocklands Community Centre in Mitchells Plain. In which city was that?

In 1961 South Africa became a republic and withdrew after member states criticized its racial laws and opposed its continued membership. Which body did it leave?

Resolution 418, adopted unanimously on 4 November 1977, made an arms embargo against South Africa mandatory. Which body adopted it?

Commonwealth leaders agreed in 1977 to discourage sporting contacts with South African teams organized by race. What was this policy called?

Which 1986 U.S. law imposed sanctions on apartheid South Africa after Congress passed it over President Reagan’s veto?

In 1985 the United Nations adopted a treaty aimed at isolating racially selected South African teams from international competition. Which treaty was it?

On 2 February 1990 the state president unbanned the ANC, PAC, and SACP and announced Nelson Mandela’s release. Who was that president?

Nelson Mandela walked free on 11 February 1990 after 27 years in prison. From which prison was he released?

Which August 1990 agreement recorded steps such as the ANC suspending its armed struggle during the early negotiation process?

Multiparty talks met at the World Trade Centre in Kempton Park in December 1991 to negotiate a new constitutional order. What was this forum called?

In 1991 Act No. 114 ended the national racial classification system by repealing which apartheid statute?

The first national election with voters of all races was held on 27 April 1994. Which party won and led the Government of National Unity?

A post-apartheid body heard victims, considered amnesty requests, and investigated gross human rights abuses from 1960 to 1994. What was it?