A January 1978 protest in Qom was followed forty days later by demonstrations in Tabriz and then more cities. What pattern helped the opposition spread?

After Iraq expelled Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini in 1978 and Kuwait refused him entry, where did he spend his last months of exile?

As the monarchy weakened, the shah appointed a National Front politician as prime minister on January 3, 1979. Who was this last royal prime minister?

On January 16, 1979, Iran's ruler left the country with his family, handing power to Bakhtiar's government. Which ruler left?

Two weeks after the shah left Iran, a senior cleric returned from nearly fifteen years of exile and was greeted by huge crowds in Tehran. Who was he?

On February 5, 1979, Khomeini named a Freedom Movement leader to head a provisional government. Who became provisional prime minister?

On February 11, 1979, one Iranian body told troops to return to their barracks, helping end Bakhtiar's government. Which body made that move?

Voters in Iran approved a new form of government in a March 30-31, 1979 referendum. What did the referendum approve?

Iran's 1979 constitution gave ultimate leadership powers to a qualified Islamic jurist. Which principle did this write into the new system?

After the United States admitted the former shah for medical treatment in October 1979, students seized the U.S. embassy in Tehran. What did the captors demand?

Militant students seized the U.S. embassy in Tehran on November 4, 1979, and 52 Americans remained hostage until January 20, 1981. How long were they held?

Iraq invaded Iran in September 1980 on the orders of the Iraqi president who had taken office the previous year. Who ordered the invasion?

The Iran-Iraq border dispute centered partly on a river formed by the Tigris and Euphrates near the Persian Gulf. Which waterway was disputed?

Shortly before invading Iran, Iraq declared a 1975 border settlement null and void. Which agreement had set the thalweg boundary on the disputed river?

Iraqi forces crossed into Iran and bombed airports, beginning the eight-year Iran-Iraq War. When did this invasion begin?

The U.N. resolution used to end the Iran-Iraq War demanded a ceasefire, withdrawal to recognized borders, and release of prisoners of war. Which resolution was it?

After Iran accepted the U.N. ceasefire plan in July 1988, the Iran-Iraq War's ceasefire took effect the next month. When did it take effect?

After the Iran-Iraq War, Saddam Hussein demanded that a small, oil-rich neighbor cancel Iraq's war debts and cut its oil production. Which country did Iraq invade on August 2, 1990?

On August 28, 1990, Iraq made a formal declaration about the status of occupied Kuwait. What did Iraq declare Kuwait to be?

In November 1990, the U.N. Security Council passed Resolution 678, giving Iraq until January 15, 1991, to leave Kuwait. What did the resolution authorize if Iraq refused?

The buildup to defend Saudi Arabia was called Desert Shield; after diplomacy failed in January 1991, what was the combat campaign called?

After weeks of air attacks in 1991, coalition ground forces liberated Kuwait in a very short campaign. About how long did the ground campaign last?

After Kuwait was liberated, U.N. Resolution 687 set ceasefire terms requiring Iraq to accept weapons inspections and destruction of banned weapons. Which U.N. body was created for non-nuclear inspections?

In March 2003, a U.S.-led coalition launched a new invasion of Iraq to remove Saddam Hussein's government. What was the operation called?

Coalition forces entered Baghdad on April 9, 2003, during the invasion of Iraq. What happened to Saddam Hussein at that point?