The easing of superpower tension in the 1970s produced arms limits and the Helsinki process. Which Soviet action brought that easing to an abrupt halt?

Which 1972 agreement paired limits on anti-missile defenses with interim limits on strategic offensive weapons?

A 1975 European security accord accepted postwar borders but also included human-rights commitments. Which agreement was it?

Carter and Brezhnev signed a strategic arms treaty in Vienna in June 1979, but the United States never ratified it after Afghanistan. Which treaty was this?

At the 1972 Moscow summit, which pair of leaders signed the first strategic arms limitation agreements?

Which 1987 agreement destroyed an entire class of U.S. and Soviet land-based nuclear missiles?

After Konstantin Chernenko died in March 1985, which younger Soviet leader became general secretary and launched major reforms?

The new Soviet leader paired public criticism with changes to the planned economy. What were the two policies called?

Which reform made public debate and criticism more possible inside the Soviet Union?

Which reform aimed to reshape the Soviet planned economy and allow some limited private or cooperative activity?

Why did Gorbachev pursue arms control and lower tension with the West?

What did Gorbachev's abandonment of the Brezhnev Doctrine mean for Eastern Europe in 1989?

In Poland, what was the central result of the 1989 Round Table talks?

Which sequence of 1989 events is in the correct order?

Hungary opened its border with Austria in September 1989. What immediate Cold War effect did this have?

Large Monday demonstrations in Leipzig in October 1989 stayed peaceful and grew rapidly. What did they help show?

After Günter Schabowski announced new travel rules on November 9, 1989, what happened in Berlin?

A student protest in Prague was suppressed, Civic Forum formed, and Václav Havel became president in December 1989. Which revolution was this?

Only one 1989 Warsaw Pact revolution turned sharply violent, ending with its ruler and his wife executed on December 25. Which country and ruler?

One day after the Berlin Wall opened, Bulgaria's long-serving communist leader was removed. Who was he?

After the Berlin Wall fell, what happened on October 3, 1990?

Inside the Soviet Union, Gorbachev allowed multi-party elections and created a Soviet presidency. What was one result?

Hard-line officials detained Gorbachev in August 1991 and sent tanks into Moscow. How did the coup attempt end?

What was a major political consequence immediately after the failed August 1991 coup?

In early December 1991, leaders of Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus met near Brest. What did they form?

What happened in Moscow on December 25, 1991?

Why was controlling nuclear weapons a top concern as the Soviet Union broke apart?

A State Department document estimated Soviet defense spending at about 14% of GNP in the early 1980s, versus about 6% in the United States. What pressure did that create?

Soviet leaders relied on oil and gas exports for hard currency. Why did declining oil earnings hurt reform efforts?

Why did shortages, low productivity, and planning mistakes push Gorbachev toward economic reform?