Across the 300s CE the western empire found it harder and harder to recruit and supply the legions holding its long frontier. What problem did that create?

Later European cities were supplied by water channels, and arched stone bridges from Roman times still stand. Which Roman engineering practice did those works carry forward?

In 476 CE Romulus Augustulus, the last emperor in the western Roman Empire, was removed from power. What happened to Roman imperial rule in the east at that time?

In the 200s CE the frontier armies raised one of their own commanders as emperor and deposed him within the year. What problem did that pattern create?

Historians point to late Roman governments putting less and less silver in their coins. What economic problem did that cause?

The Roman Empire's frontiers stretched for thousands of miles and needed legions stationed along them. What burden do historians link to defending that frontier?

From the 300s CE, groups such as the Goths and the Vandals moved into Roman territory, sometimes as settlers and sometimes as attackers. What did these movements do to Roman control?

In 410 CE a Gothic army captured and looted the city of Rome. Why did writers of the time treat this as such a shock?

During the 300s CE the emperor Constantine founded a new imperial capital in the east. What long-term effect did this have on the empire?

Late in the 200s CE Roman rulers began dividing the administration of the empire between western and eastern halves. What problem were they trying to solve?

How did the official position of Christianity inside the Roman Empire change during the 300s CE?

Rulers of later European kingdoms had Roman law codes compiled and copied for use in their own courts. What did those copied codes bring into the courts?

Spanish, French, Italian, Portuguese and Romanian all developed from the everyday language of Rome's western provinces. What language was that?

Later republics borrowed political vocabulary and structures from Rome. Which feature of the Roman Republic did they take up?

Across the empire's history, Roman citizenship was extended to more and more free people living in the provinces. What did citizenship give those people?

A Roman official writing in 400 CE complains in a letter about taxes, and a historian's book from 2010 describes the same taxes. What can the letter show that the book cannot?

A senator's speech from 380 CE blames all of the empire's troubles on his political rivals. What limits its usefulness as evidence about those troubles?

The last emperor in the western Roman Empire was removed in 476 CE. In which century did that happen?

What is Augustus known for in Roman history?

After imperial rule ended in the western provinces, which Roman-era institution kept using Latin and continued to link communities across western Europe?