Around 509 BCE the Romans overthrew their last king. What kind of government did they set up in his place?

In the Roman Republic, one body was made up mostly of former officials who kept their seats for life, advised the magistrates, and guided public money and foreign policy. What was it called?

Roman voters chose the Republic's two highest officials, called consuls. How long did a consul hold that office, and what could one consul do to the other?

Roman society was divided between patricians and plebeians. Describe the difference between these two groups in the Republic.

After long struggles with the patricians, the plebeians won the right to elect their own officials, called tribunes. What power did a tribune hold?

Around 450 BCE Rome's laws were carved onto tablets and set up in a public square for anyone to see. Explain why plebeians had pushed for laws to be written down and displayed.

In the Roman Republic, who was allowed to vote in the assemblies and to hold public office?

Rome was a slave society, and enslaved people were a large part of its workforce in fields, mines, workshops, and houses. What was their legal position under Roman law?

Roman citizenship carried duties as well as protections. Name a duty that a male Roman citizen of the Republic owed the state.

A Roman citizen accused of a crime had a protection that a non-citizen in the same territory did not. What was it?

In a grave emergency the Roman senate could hand command to a single official called a dictator. Describe the limit the Republic placed on that office.

Rome's army was organized into large units of several thousand foot soldiers, each trained to march, build, and fight together. What was such a unit called?

During the Republic, Rome fought a series of long wars against Carthage, a trading city on the North African coast. Explain what the two sides were fighting over.

As Rome took control of other communities on the Italian peninsula, it did something with citizenship that helped hold its conquests together. What did Rome do?

The Italian peninsula reaches south into the middle of the Mediterranean Sea and has usable harbors on both coasts. Explain how that position helped Rome as it expanded.

Roman engineers built long channels, some carried on rows of stone arches, that sloped gently downhill toward cities. What did an aqueduct do for a Roman city?

As Rome gained provinces overseas, grain from Sicily and North Africa was shipped across the Mediterranean to the city. Explain what that trade shows about the growing city of Rome.

Compare the Roman Republic with the Roman Empire on one point: where final authority rested. State the difference.

Roman legions cut and paved long roads through the lands Rome controlled, and merchants used those same roads to move goods.

Which did Rome control first, the whole Italian peninsula or its overseas provinces?