Air rises near the equator, cools, and produces a belt of low pressure. What surface condition is most likely where this rising air dominates?

Air in the Hadley cells sinks near 30 degrees north and south, warming as it descends. What major pattern does this help create?

A coast lies in the belt where trade winds usually blow from east to west across a warm tropical ocean. What do those winds most often carry onto an east-facing tropical coast?

At about 50 degrees north, prevailing westerlies blow from the ocean toward a western coast. What climate effect is most likely on that coast?

In the horse latitudes, surface winds are weak and air generally sinks from aloft. Why do many deserts occur there?

A tropical island has a northeast coast facing steady trade winds and a southwest coast sheltered from them. Which side is likely wetter?

The polar easterlies form where cold dense air sinks near the poles and flows outward. What conditions do they help maintain?

A cold ocean current flows along a subtropical west coast, cooling the air above it. What coastal condition is most likely?

A warm western boundary current, like the Gulf Stream, moves poleward along a coast. What does it generally add to nearby air?

Where a cold current causes upwelling, nutrient-rich deep water reaches the sunlit surface. What human activity is especially supported offshore?

The Atacama coast is beside a cold current and under subtropical sinking air. What result best explains its extreme dryness?

Two coasts are at the same latitude. Coast A has a warm current offshore; Coast B has a cold current offshore. What is Coast A more likely to have?

A cold eastern boundary current runs along the west side of a continent in the subtropics. What landscape is common just inland from that coast?

Moist air from the Pacific rises up the windward side of a coastal mountain range. What happens as the air rises?

After moist air loses rain on a mountain's windward slope, it descends the leeward slope. What is the leeward area likely to be?

A valley east of a north-south range receives air only after westerlies have crossed the mountains. What explains the valley's steppe vegetation?

On a mountain island, the northeast side is lush while the southwest side has scrub vegetation. Prevailing winds come from the northeast. What causes the contrast?

A range runs east-west, and moist summer winds blow from the south. Where would the driest rain-shadow zone most likely form?

A mountain range blocks moist air from reaching an inland plateau. What rainfall pattern would a climatograph from the plateau most likely show?

A city on a range's windward foothills has forest, while a city at the same elevation on the leeward foothills has grassland. What physical process best explains this?

In South Asia's summer monsoon, land heats faster than the ocean and air rises over land. What does the pressure pattern pull inland?

During South Asia's winter monsoon, the continent cools faster than the sea and high pressure forms over land. What weather does this usually bring?

A region has wet summers because onshore monsoon winds arrive from a warm sea. What is the expected seasonal reversal?

If the summer monsoon arrives late in a farming region that depends on seasonal rains, what immediate ground condition is most likely?

A coastal country faces a warm ocean in summer, but winter winds reverse and blow from the dry interior. What seasonal pattern should its climate show?