A stream valley has steep V-shaped sides, rounded pebbles on its bed, and cut banks on bends. Which agent shaped this landscape?

A mountain valley is broad and U-shaped, with scratched bedrock and ridges of unsorted till at its end. Which agent left these marks?

A dry basin has rocks polished smooth on their windward sides and long ridges of fine sand beyond them. Which agent shaped it?

At the foot of a steep cliff, fresh angular blocks form a cone-shaped pile after pieces broke from the wall. Which agent moved the rock downslope?

A coast has a sea cliff, a flat wave-cut platform, and sand shifted along the shore after storms. Which agent is doing most of the work?

After a thunderstorm, a bare field is crossed by small rills and gullies that carry muddy water into a creek. Which agent made the cuts?

A desert plain has crescent dunes that migrate downwind and pebbles left behind after fine particles are removed. Which agent is most responsible?

Water freezes in a crack, expands, and loosens pieces of rock that remain beside the outcrop. What stage of the process is this?

A stream picks up loose sand from its banks and carries the sand downstream during a flood. What stage is happening?

A river slows as it enters a lake, and mud settles out to build new layers on the lake floor. What stage is this last step?

A glacier scrapes rock from a valley wall and carries the pieces downhill inside the ice. What stage best describes the removal and transport?

Slightly acidic groundwater dissolves limestone along cracks before any sediment is carried away. What stage is taking place?

Wind drops sand where it slows behind a shrub, and a small dune begins to grow. What stage is described?

Rock fragments loosen on a cliff, then slide downslope before coming to rest on a fan-shaped pile. What is the movement step called?

Repeated freezing and thawing widens cracks until pieces split off a boulder. Is this mechanical or chemical weathering?

Rainwater with weak carbonic acid seeps into limestone and dissolves passages that become caves. Is this mechanical or chemical weathering?

Oxygen reacts with iron-rich minerals in a rock, making reddish, crumbly material on the surface. Which kind of weathering is this?

Sand grains blown by wind scratch and wear down the outside of a sandstone outcrop. Which kind of weathering is this?

Feldspar minerals in granite react with water and slowly turn into clay. Which kind of weathering is this?

A steep hillside is cleared of vegetation, and heavy rain falls on the bare soil for a week. What is the most likely landscape change?

A dam slows a muddy river and creates a reservoir behind it. What will most likely happen to much of the sediment?

A new parking lot covers soil that once absorbed rain, so more storm water runs into a nearby creek. What change is most likely in the creek?

Beach grass is planted across a line of loose coastal dunes. What is the most likely effect on wind erosion there?

A glacier retreats after a warmer period and drops the mixed clay, sand, and boulders it was carrying. What landform is likely left behind?

A road crew cuts a steep, unsupported wall into a hillside made of loose sediment. What is the most likely consequence after heavy rain?