After Actium, Octavian became Rome's dominant leader. Which change best describes the government he built?

Why was the Battle of Actium in 31 BCE a turning point for Rome?

In 27 BCE the Senate gave Octavian the name Augustus. How did he present his position?

Which arrangement gave Augustus real military power while preserving a republican appearance?

After Cleopatra's defeat, how was Egypt governed in the new imperial system?

Augustus's Res Gestae was important because it was what kind of text?

What did the imperial cult help connect across the Roman Empire?

The Pax Romana is usually dated from Augustus to which later event?

How did Roman provincial governors help run the empire during the Pax Romana?

Which statement best describes Roman provinces under the early empire?

What was the annona in imperial Rome?

Why did roads and sea routes matter to Roman rule?

In provinces such as Gaul and Britain, what did Romanization often include?

Why did emperors often keep direct control of frontier provinces?

What did Caracalla's citizenship decree in 212 CE do?

Read the frontier map. Which land lay outside Roman control north of the Rhine-Danube line?

Use the Britain frontier map. Which area was beyond Rome's provincial frontier?

The map marks a Roman province north of the Danube after Trajan's wars. Which province does the marker represent?

Use the Rhine frontier map. Which option names the non-Roman region east of the river line?

Study the eastern frontier map. Which power lay beyond the Roman side of the Euphrates line?

The map points to land west of the Pyrenees and inside Roman control. Which province is shown?

Use the Nile map. Which land was a Roman province along the lower Nile and Mediterranean coast?

Read the invasion-route map to Rome in 410 CE. Which movement does it show?

The map traces a route from Spain to North Africa and then by sea to Rome. Which group followed this path?

Use the map of the Danube crossing. Which event does the arrow toward Adrianople help explain?

Roman aqueducts carried water over long distances. What physical principle made the flow work?

Why were rows of arches useful in Roman aqueduct bridges?

Major Roman roads were built in layers of large stones, gravel, and paving slabs, with a raised center. What did this method achieve?

In a Roman city, what was the forum commonly used for?

Which housing pattern was common for many ordinary people in crowded Roman cities?

Why are the Twelve Tables important in Roman legal history?

What did Justinian's law compilation do for Rome's legal legacy?

What made the third-century crisis dangerous for the Roman Empire?

How did Diocletian try to make the empire easier to govern?

Diocletian's Edict on Maximum Prices was meant to address which problem?

Which reform under Diocletian helped the government raise more predictable revenue?

What did the Edict of Milan in 313 CE do as imperial policy?

Why was Constantine's founding of Constantinople significant?

What did Theodosius I's Edict of Thessalonica in 380 CE declare?

What happened at the Battle of Adrianople in 378 CE?

After Theodosius I died in 395 CE, how was imperial rule divided?

Which event showed that the city of Rome itself was vulnerable in 410 CE?

Why did the Vandal kingdom in North Africa hurt the western empire?

What was the result of Attila's 451 campaign in Gaul?

In 476 CE, what did Odoacer do?

Which statement best explains the western empire's fall?

Which feature of later Western law most clearly reflects Roman influence?

Which comparison between Greece and Rome is most accurate?

Which Roman building material let engineers build huge domes like the Pantheon's and harbor walls that hardened underwater?

Why did the eastern Roman Empire matter after 476 CE?