A federal income tax has 10%, 12%, 22%, and higher marginal brackets as taxable income rises. What tax structure does that describe?

A tax takes 6.2% of wages only up to an annual cap, so a worker earning $50,000 pays a larger share of total income than one earning $500,000. What is it?

A city income tax charges every taxable worker exactly 2% of taxable income, with no brackets and no cap. What structure does that rate describe?

A 7% sales tax on the same $80 coat takes a larger share of a low-income shopper's monthly income than of a high-income shopper's income. What is the tax's effect?

A federal tax is charged per gallon of gasoline sold, regardless of who buys it. What type of tax is this?

Imported steel is assessed a duty when it enters the United States at a port of entry. What type of tax is being collected?

Use the revenue chart. After individual income taxes, which source provided the most federal revenue in FY2025?

Use the revenue chart. Which listed federal revenue source was the smallest in FY2025?

Use the spending chart. Which category of federal outlays was larger than discretionary spending in FY2025?

Use the mandatory-spending chart. Which program was larger than Medicare in FY2025?

Use the discretionary-spending chart. Which side was slightly larger in FY2025?

Use the budget chart. Did FY2025 federal spending exceed revenue, or did revenue exceed spending?

Use the table. From FY2024 to FY2025, federal customs-duty revenue did what?

Benefits sent automatically to eligible retirees under Social Security continue because law sets eligibility and benefit formulas. Which budget category is this?

Congress funds national parks through annual appropriations. If no new appropriations law is enacted by the start of the fiscal year, what type of spending is at risk?

What best explains an entitlement program such as Medicare?

A committee debates next year's defense budget inside an appropriations bill. What kind of federal spending is Congress adjusting?

Interest on Treasury bonds comes due under existing borrowing obligations rather than annual program choices. How is it usually listed in the federal budget?

A homeowner pays a tax based on the assessed value of a house, and the bill mostly funds schools and county services. Which level most commonly levies that tax?

A shopper pays general sales tax at the register. Which level of government usually sets the largest part of that sales tax rate?

A worker's paycheck shows income tax withholding sent to the IRS. Which level of government levies that tax?

A shipment of imported electronics is assessed a customs duty at a U.S. port of entry. Which level collects that duty?

In FY2025 the federal government took in about $5.2 trillion and spent about $7.0 trillion. What is the $1.8 trillion difference?

A federal budget year ends with outlays below revenues. What is that year's result, and what can it be used for?

The Treasury borrows to finance annual deficits. What is the total borrowing that is still outstanding called?