A writer described life with no common power as “solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short.” Who wrote that?

One writer said people join society to preserve their “lives, liberties and estates.” Who wrote that?

“When the legislative and executive powers are united,” the writer warned, “there can be no liberty.” Who wrote this separation-of-powers argument?

One writer's famous book opens, “Man is born free; and everywhere he is in chains.” Who wrote that line?

One Enlightenment writer argued that “force does not create right” and that people owe obedience only to legitimate powers. Who was it?

A writer said that without a commonwealth, “there nothing is unjust,” because no coercive power enforces covenants. Who made that claim?

A writer said no government has a right to obedience from people who have not “freely consented” to it. Who argued this?

Leviathan, the 1651 work arguing for a powerful sovereign to secure peace, was written by whom?

The Second Treatise of Government, a major work on natural rights and consent, was written by whom?

The 1748 book The Spirit of the Laws, famous for separation of powers, was written by whom?

Du Contrat Social, known in English as The Social Contract, was written by whom?

The Declaration names rights to “Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.” This most directly reworks whose natural-rights language?

The Declaration says governments derive powers from the “consent of the governed.” This line most directly reflects whose theory of legitimate government?

The Declaration says people may “alter or to abolish” a destructive government. That claim most closely traces to whose right-of-revolution argument?

The Constitution gives Congress legislative power in Article I, the President executive power in Article II, and courts judicial power in Article III. Whose idea does this structure echo?

The Constitution begins “We the People,” grounding authority in the political community. This wording most strongly echoes whose idea of the general will?

A constitution keeps judges from writing the laws they apply. This design follows the warning that “the judge would be then the legislator.” Whose warning was that?

The Preamble’s goal to “insure domestic Tranquility” treats government as a way to prevent disorder and violence. That goal most resembles whose reason for creating a state?

Two writers used a state of nature. One defended revolution against rulers who violate rights; the other emphasized obedience to a strong sovereign for security. Who defended revolution?

One writer sought liberty through separated powers; another through laws expressing the general will. Who argued most directly for separated legislative, executive and judicial powers?

One writer said sovereignty is the exercise of the general will, so it can never be handed over to representatives. Who argued this?

One social contract writer held that people keep their natural rights to life, liberty and property even after they form a government. Who held this?

Anti-Federalists warned that a republic could survive only in a small territory. Which Enlightenment writer did they cite for that idea?

After civil violence, a charter gives one ruler broad coercive power to impose order and keep covenants. This design most closely reflects whose view of government?

A town charter says laws are legitimate only when they serve the common interest of the whole community, not private factions. Whose idea does this most closely reflect?