Rights a person is said to hold simply by being human, which government exists to secure rather than grant, go by what name in founding-era civics?

The idea that people create government by agreement and accept laws in exchange for protection of rights and order is called what?

A constitution says public officials get authority from the people’s consent, not birth or conquest. What principle is that?

The principle that government may act only within powers allowed by law or a constitution is known as what?

The Declaration says governments get just powers from the 'consent of the governed'. Which principle is stated?

The Declaration describes certain 'unalienable Rights'. Which idea says these rights exist before government?

The Constitution begins 'We the People'. Which principle does that opening emphasize?

Article I begins, 'All legislative Powers herein granted'. Which principle is reflected by granting, rather than unlimited, powers?

The Constitution forbids a 'Bill of Attainder', a law punishing a person without trial. Which principle does that limit express?

A state legislature passes a law jailing anyone who criticizes the governor. A court voids it because the state constitution puts that power off-limits. What principle applies?

Residents vote to replace a city charter, and the new charter takes effect because authority ultimately comes from the community. What principle is at work?

People agree to pay taxes and follow traffic laws because the government provides courts, police, and public order in return. What idea best fits?

A court says a prisoner’s claim to life and liberty matters because those rights are not gifts from officials. Which idea supports the ruling?

During an emergency, a governor orders courts closed indefinitely. Judges reject the order because the constitution still binds officials. What principle controls?

Delegates draft a constitution, but it becomes legitimate only after ratifying conventions chosen by the people approve it. What principle explains why?

A council member argues that a mayor’s policy is invalid because no ordinance or charter provision authorizes it. Which principle is being invoked?

A ruler takes power by force and never seeks consent, though the ruler claims to provide order. In social-contract reasoning, why is that rule illegitimate?

Colonists argue that the king violated the agreement under which they owed obedience, so allegiance is no longer owed. Which idea carries that argument?

The Declaration says a destructive government may be changed, but not for minor complaints. What claim follows from that reasoning?

A group loses a fair election, keeps its speech and voting rights, and can campaign next time. Under founding logic, what conclusion follows?