A state puts a proposed tax on the ballot. The tax becomes law only if most voters mark yes; no legislator votes on it. What system is being used?

A city elects council members in November. In January, those council members debate and pass a housing ordinance. What system is being used?

Citizens gather signatures to put a school-funding law on the ballot, and voters statewide approve or reject the law themselves. What kind of decision-making is this?

A county charter says property-tax changes must be debated at an open meeting where residents vote by hand. What kind of decision-making is this?

Voters choose a state senator, and that senator later casts the vote on a transportation bill. What kind of decision-making is this?

A district elects delegates to a charter convention, and only those delegates vote on the final charter. What kind of government practice is this?

In ancient Athens, citizens gathered on the Pnyx hill to debate and vote on laws in person. What was this gathering called?

In Athens, a smaller body chosen by lot prepared topics for the Assembly and handled administrative work. What was that body called?

In Athenian democracy, who could speak and vote in the Assembly as citizens?

Athenian voters could write a name on a pottery shard to exile a citizen considered dangerous to the polis. What was this process called?

Rome's citizens elected two chief magistrates each year to command and lead, and each could block the other. What were they called?

In the Roman Republic, which body developed from the royal council and deliberated on public policy?

Roman officials elected by plebeians could veto acts of magistrates and defend plebeian interests. What office was this?

Rome divided power among annual chief magistrates, a Senate, and popular assemblies that elected magistrates and approved laws. What legacy did this model leave?

In parts of New England, residents vote directly on the local budget at a yearly gathering. What is this gathering called?

Americans vote for members of Congress, and Congress votes on national laws. Which element of U.S. government does this illustrate?

A state legislature proposes an amendment to the state constitution, and the amendment takes effect only if voters approve it on the ballot. What is this process called?

Voters sign petitions and hold a special election that removes their mayor before the term ends. What is this process called?

Article IV says the United States shall guarantee every state a “Republican Form of Government.” What arrangement does that require?

In Federalist No. 39, Madison defined a republic. From what source did he say a republic must draw all its powers?