Between 529 and 534, Justinian's legal experts organized centuries of Roman laws and rulings for use in the empire. What was that collection called?

After fires during the Nika Revolt of 532, Justinian ordered a grand domed church rebuilt in Constantinople and it opened in 537. Which building was it?

Justinian chose two mathematically trained designers for the great church rebuilt from 532 to 537. Which pair designed it?

During the Nika Revolt, Justinian considered fleeing Constantinople until one adviser urged him to stay and fight. Who was that adviser?

In 533 Justinian sent a general to attack the Vandal kingdom in Africa. Which commander led that campaign for the Byzantines?

After North Africa, Justinian tried to restore imperial rule over the Ostrogothic kingdom, and Ravenna surrendered in 540. Which region was he trying to recover?

One part of Justinian's law project, issued in 533, gathered older Roman jurists' legal opinions into 50 books. Which part was it?

In 330, Constantine moved the Roman capital to the old city of Byzantium and renamed it. What name did the new capital become known by?

Constantinople sat on the narrow strait linking the Sea of Marmara to the Black Sea, letting it control shipping. Which strait was it?

A chain could be stretched across Constantinople's excellent natural harbor to block enemy ships. Which inlet was that harbor?

The land side of Constantinople was protected by massive walls built in the early 400s that held off attackers for about a thousand years. What were they called?

Byzantine rulers were often described with a Greek imperial title and held power over the army, government, finances, and church affairs. What was that title?

Byzantine Christians used sacred images of Christ, Mary, and the saints in devotion. What were these images called?

During the 700s and early 800s, imperial laws barred many figural religious images in Byzantine worship. Which controversy was this?

A Byzantine emperor's decree in 730 ordered religious images destroyed. Which emperor issued that iconoclast order?

In 787, a church council under Empress Irene condemned the anti-image Council of Hieria and defended the use of icons. Which council was it?

In 843, a ceremony in Hagia Sophia celebrated the final restoration of religious images after iconoclasm. What was this event called?

In 1054, Cardinal Humbert and Patriarch Michael Cerularius excommunicated each other amid disputes between Rome and Constantinople. What break did this mark?

One dispute between eastern and western churches concerned a Latin phrase added to the Nicene Creed, meaning the Spirit proceeds from the Father 'and the Son.' What was it?

Byzantium remained a Christian state but, over time, its state and church used one language officially. Which language became official?

Early Byzantine scribes increasingly copied texts into the codex instead of using an older format. What was a codex?

Middle Byzantine monks and scholars copied large numbers of manuscripts. Which cultural inheritance did this work help preserve for later Europe?

In 863, Emperor Michael III sent two missionaries from Constantinople to Moravia. Which pair was sent?

Byzantine Christianity spread northward from Constantinople during the Middle Byzantine period. Which peoples were especially affected?

In 864, a Byzantine clerical embassy baptized a Bulgar ruler at Pliska with Emperor Michael III serving as godfather by proxy, showing Byzantine religious influence in the Balkans. Who was baptized?

In 1071, a Byzantine emperor was captured after a major defeat by the Seljuk Turks in eastern Anatolia. Which battle was it?

After Manzikert, Seljuk power expanded and the Sultanate of Rum was established around Nicaea. Which region did Byzantium struggle to hold?

In 1176, a Byzantine army under Manuel I was ambushed by the Seljuks in Phrygia. Which battle signaled that recovery in Asia Minor had stalled?

In 1204, western Christian armies captured and looted Constantinople, then set up a Latin Empire. Which crusade did this?

In 1261, a Byzantine ruler entered Constantinople and restored it as the imperial capital after Latin rule. Who was he?