A ruler wants order by teaching people to fulfill duties in family and political roles, rather than by withdrawing from rule or relying mainly on fear. Which school fits best?

Which text preserves sayings and conversations of Confucius and his students?

In Confucian thought, the family was a model for the state. Which duty was treated as the foundation for wider virtue?

A student practices ceremonies, mourning, and role-appropriate conduct so behavior becomes orderly and respectful. Which term names that Confucian practice?

Which Confucian virtue means humane concern for others?

A king asks how to govern well. Which answer best matches the Confucian approach?

Among the five relationships, which pair was the least hierarchical?

A ruler steps back, avoids constant orders, and lets people act with the grain of things. Which term names this Daoist approach?

Which work is traditionally linked with Laozi and central to Daoist teaching about the ruler, the sage, and the Way?

One school held that human rules and status seeking often distort the natural course of life. Which school is this?

According to Daoist political teaching, what should a ruler usually do with regulations and prohibitions?

A passage praises inner freedom from rigid categories and lets each thing follow its own course. Which idea best fits Daoist teaching?

People mostly pursue self-interest, so the ruler should use strict public rules and fear of penalties to keep order. Which school fits best?

In Han Feizi's political theory, what were the ruler's 'two handles'?

Which method best matches Legalist rule during the Warring States and Qin era?

Which text is most closely associated with arguments for state power, strict standards, and centralized control by a ruler?

Legalist rulers did not expect virtue alone to guide people. What did they try to do instead?

Which Confucian thinker argued that human nature is good and that people can develop that goodness under the right conditions?

Which Confucian thinker argued that people need teachers, rites, and deliberate effort because their inborn tendencies lead to disorder?

Which thinker is the best match for advice that a ruler should keep personal control over rewards and punishments?

Which thinker is linked with Daoist writing that questions rigid distinctions and praises letting things follow their own course?

After Qin unified China in 221 BCE, which school most shaped its centralized, coercive rule?

Under Emperor Wu, the Han made one tradition's classics the basis of official education in 136 BCE. Which tradition was it?

Before Emperor Wu's Confucian turn, the early Han court was influenced by Huang-Lao, a Way of the Yellow Emperor and Laozi. Which school was closest?

Song scholar Zhu Xi's commentaries on the Four Books later became the basis of China's civil service exams. Which tradition did that strengthen?